<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030</id><updated>2011-07-07T17:16:30.679-07:00</updated><title type='text'>E-LEARNING ISKANDAR, S.Pd, M.Pd</title><subtitle type='html'>Blog pembelajaran Bagi komunitas SMKN N 1 Pungging</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>48</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-4751566595598938505</id><published>2010-06-09T17:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-09T17:09:21.839-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Virtual Host di AppServ localhost</title><content type='html'>Virtual Host adalah cara untuk mengatur banyak website atau URL di dalam satu mesin atau satu IP. Misalkan kita mempunyai banyak domain tapi hanya mempunyai 1 IP public atau 1 server. Cara untuk mengatasi masalah itu adalah dengan cara membuat virtualhost yang ada di settingan apachenya. Virtual Host bisa anda gunakan setelah anda menginstall package-package apache dan sudah pasti web server anda sudah berjalan dengan baik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Intinya, virtual host ini adalah bagaimana caranya membuat URL dari http://localhost/contoh menjadi http://contoh.com jadi seakan – akan kita punya alamat website seperti yang ada sesungguhnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Langkah – langkahnya adalah :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   1. Edit ( tambahkan beberapa baris sesuai host yang Anda inginkan ) file host yang terletak di C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\host&lt;br /&gt;      127.0.0.1        contoh.com&lt;br /&gt;   2. Setelah itu tambahkan script dibawah ini di file httpd.conf yang terletak didalam folder webserver. Jika pakai AppServ filenya terletak di AppServ/Apache2.2/conf&lt;br /&gt;      NameVirtualHost 127.0.0.1&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      DocumentRoot “C:\AppServ\www\contoh”&lt;br /&gt;      ServerName contoh.com&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;Directory /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      Options FollowSymLinks&lt;br /&gt;      AllowOverride All&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;/Directory&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      ErrorLog logs/contoh.com-error_log&lt;br /&gt;      CustomLog logs/contoh.com-access_log common&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;/VirtualHost&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setelah itu silahkan restart service apache Anda, lalu coba buka http://contoh.com di browser. Selamat mencoba !!!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-4751566595598938505?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/4751566595598938505/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=4751566595598938505&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/4751566595598938505'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/4751566595598938505'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2010/06/virtual-host-di-appserv-localhost.html' title='Virtual Host di AppServ localhost'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-1229712029796206039</id><published>2010-04-24T20:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-24T20:29:44.793-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Loadbalancing pada mikrotik</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Bjjj2AA7Z1k/S9O2ToMHmgI/AAAAAAAAAFM/_v0GFJbFT8w/s1600/LOADBALANCING.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 154px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Bjjj2AA7Z1k/S9O2ToMHmgI/AAAAAAAAAFM/_v0GFJbFT8w/s200/LOADBALANCING.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5463911221252561410" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menggunakan 3 etrernet card&lt;br /&gt;ether1 ==&gt; wireless&lt;br /&gt;ether2 ==&gt; speedy&lt;br /&gt;ethet3 ==&gt; Lan&lt;br /&gt;mikrotik command:&lt;br /&gt;/ip address add address 202.152.74.1/32 interface ether1&lt;br /&gt;/ip address add address 192.168.1.2/32 interface ether2&lt;br /&gt;/ip address add address 192.168.10.1/24 interface ether3&lt;br /&gt;Membagi Ip menjadi 2 Group&lt;br /&gt;add chain=prerouting action=mark-connection src-address 192.168.10.0/25 new-routing-mark= Group-A&lt;br /&gt;add chain=prerouting action=mark-connection src-address 192.168.10.128/25 new-routing-mark=Group-B&lt;br /&gt;Default gw masing-masing Group&lt;br /&gt;Group-A=192.168.10.0/25 default gw 192.168.1.1&lt;br /&gt;Group-B=192.168.10.128/25 default gw 202.152.74.128&lt;br /&gt;mikrotik command:&lt;br /&gt;/ip route add gateway=192.168.1.1 routing-mark=Group-A&lt;br /&gt;/ip route add gateway=202.152.74.128 routing-mark=Group-B&lt;br /&gt;Nat ip local&lt;br /&gt;192.168.10.0/24 ==&gt;masquerade&lt;br /&gt;mikrotik command:&lt;br /&gt;/ip firewall nat add chain=srcnat src-address 192.168.10.0/24 action=masquerade&lt;br /&gt;Selamat mencoba dan Semoga sukses…. …&lt;br /&gt;download file disini&lt;a href="ftp://119.2.47.29/public_files_smkn1pungging/"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-1229712029796206039?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1229712029796206039/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=1229712029796206039&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1229712029796206039'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1229712029796206039'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2010/04/loadbalancing-pada-mikrotik.html' title='Loadbalancing pada mikrotik'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Bjjj2AA7Z1k/S9O2ToMHmgI/AAAAAAAAAFM/_v0GFJbFT8w/s72-c/LOADBALANCING.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-4134534302393593320</id><published>2009-11-25T07:58:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-25T08:15:32.326-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Membuat virtual hosting di debian</title><content type='html'>1. Login sebagi root&lt;br /&gt;2. lakukan restart service apache2,  dan pastikan web server berjalan dengan baik.&lt;br /&gt;dengan menjalankan perintah berikut&lt;br /&gt;n Perintah untuk restart service apache2&lt;br /&gt;salnux:~# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Peritah pengecekan port service apache2&lt;br /&gt;salnux:~# nmap localhost |grep http&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika output dari hasil pengecekan service seperti di atas artinya paket web server&lt;br /&gt;sudah berjalan dengan baik.&lt;br /&gt;3. Lakukan pengecekan service DNS Server  pada mechine server, denganmenjalankanperitnah berikut&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perintah restart service DNS server&lt;br /&gt;salnux:~# /etc/init.d/bind9 restart&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konfigurasi Virtual Host.1. Kita buatkan direktori dari web yang terdaftar pada DNS Server. dan langkahnya&lt;br /&gt;seperti berikut.&lt;br /&gt;n masuk ke direktori /var/www&lt;br /&gt;salnux:~# cd /var/www&lt;br /&gt;n buat direktori baru dan isi dengan  situs sederhana misalkan dengan file index.php&lt;br /&gt;- pembuatan direktori dan file index.php untuk web mail.h2owangi.com&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:~# cd /var/www&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:/var/www# mkdir mail&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:/var/www/mail# cat &gt; index.php&lt;br /&gt;&lt;?&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;center&gt; SELAMAT DATANG DI WEB MAIL&lt;br /&gt;H2OWANGI&lt;/center&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;?&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- pembuatan direktori dan file index.php untuk web moodle.h2owangi.com&lt;br /&gt;salnux:/var/www# mkdir moodle&lt;br /&gt;salnux:/var/www# cd moodle&lt;br /&gt;salnux:/var/www/moodle# cat &gt; index.php&lt;br /&gt;&lt;?&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;center&gt; Selamat Datang Di Situs pungging.edu &lt;/center&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;br&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;i&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;By salin &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;?&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- pembuatan direktori dan file index.php untuk web php.pungging.edu&lt;br /&gt;salnux:/var/www# mkdir php&lt;br /&gt;salnux:/var/www# cd php&lt;br /&gt;salnux:/var/www/php# cat &gt; index.php&lt;br /&gt;&lt;?echo "&lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;Debian&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;center&gt;&lt;i&gt;pungging&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/center&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;?&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- pembuatan direktori dan file index.php untuk web samba.pungging.edu&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:~# cd /var/www/&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:/var/www# mkdir samba&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:/var/www# cd samba&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:/var/www/samba# cat &gt; index.php&lt;br /&gt;&lt;?&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;br&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt; File Sharing &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;br&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;center&gt;Tempat untuk  sharing file  &lt;br&gt;.&lt;/center&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;?&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- pembuatan direktori dan file index.php untuk web pungging.edu&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:~# cd /var/www/&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:/var/www# mkdir salin&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:/var/www# cd salin&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:/var/www/salin# cat &gt; index.php&lt;br /&gt;&lt;?&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;br&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;Web Pribadi &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;br&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;center&gt;pungging&lt;/center&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;br&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;echo "&lt;center&gt;Copy right@2007 &lt;/center&gt;";&lt;br /&gt;?&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Membuat alias dari masing-masing server, yang kita letakan pada direktori/etc/apache2/site-enabled. ini dilakukan agar server di atas dapat diakses cukup&lt;br /&gt;mengetikan nama domainnya misalkan http://salin.pungging.edu&lt;br /&gt;n pembuatan alias untuk server mail&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:~# cd /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:/etc/apache2/sites-enabled# cat &gt; mail&lt;br /&gt;&lt;VirtualHost *&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        DocumentRoot /var/www/mail&lt;br /&gt;        ServerName mail.pungging.edu&lt;br /&gt;        ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/virtualHost&gt;&lt;br /&gt;n pembuatan alias untuk server mail&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:~# cd /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/&lt;br /&gt;#salnux:/etc/apache2/sites-enabled# cat &gt; mail&lt;br /&gt;&lt;VirtualHost *&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        DocumentRoot /var/www/mail&lt;br /&gt;        ServerName mail.pungging.edu&lt;br /&gt;        ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/virtualHost&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Lakuan restart service apache2, dengan menjalankan perintah&lt;br /&gt;     salnux:~# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-4134534302393593320?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/4134534302393593320/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=4134534302393593320&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/4134534302393593320'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/4134534302393593320'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2009/11/membuat-virtual-hosting-di-debian.html' title='Membuat virtual hosting di debian'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-8776068856641698293</id><published>2009-05-25T07:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-25T07:33:42.716-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Pemerograman Web dengan PHP dan MYSQL</title><content type='html'>1.  Saya asumsikan Anda telah mengenal dengan cukup baik komputer Anda, dan &lt;br /&gt;juga bisa mengoperasikannya. Jadi Anda seharusnya sudah mengerti &lt;br /&gt;perbedaan file dan direktori, bagaimana menyimpan file atau document, &lt;br /&gt;bagaimana meng-copy file, dan seterusnya. &lt;br /&gt;2.  Saya asumsikan Anda telah mengerti bagaimana membuka dan menggunakan &lt;br /&gt;salah satu atau  salah semua dari editor seperti Notepad, EditPlus, Crimson &lt;br /&gt;Editor, Dreamweaver, atau yang lainnya. Saya asumsikan juga, Anda telah &lt;br /&gt;mengerti bagaimana membuat, mengedit, dan menyimpan suatu file dengan &lt;br /&gt;editor tersebut. &lt;br /&gt;3.  Saya asumsikan bahwa Apache, PHP,  dan MySQL di komputer yang Anda &lt;br /&gt;pakai sudah berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. &lt;br /&gt;4.  Saya asumsikan Anda telah mengerti bagaimana cara menggunakan Web &lt;br /&gt;Browser (IE, Mozilla, Opera, dsb) &lt;br /&gt;5.  Saya asumsikan Anda telah mengenal dan mengerti dengan cukup baik &lt;br /&gt;tentang tag-tag HTML dan juga bagaimana menggunakannya. Anda tentu &lt;br /&gt;sudah mengambil matakuliah Pemrograman Web 1 atau Internet kan ? &lt;br /&gt;6.  Saya asumsikan bahwa penglihatan Anda masih normal sehingga bisa &lt;br /&gt;membedakan antara : &lt;br /&gt;  Tulisan nama, Nama dan NAMA &lt;br /&gt;  Koma (,), titik-koma (;) dan titik-dua (:) &lt;br /&gt;  Kutip-tunggal (‘) dan kutip-ganda (“) &lt;br /&gt;  Tulisan namamhs, nama_mhs dan nama mhs&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;   Untuk mempelajari tutorial lengkapnya silahkan ambil &lt;a href="http://elearning-stmhabibi.net/index.php?load=materi&amp;matpel=p15&amp;kelas=2&amp;page=2"&gt;disini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-8776068856641698293?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/8776068856641698293/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=8776068856641698293&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8776068856641698293'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8776068856641698293'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2009/05/pemerograman-web-dengan-php-dan-mysql.html' title='Pemerograman Web dengan PHP dan MYSQL'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-7053707747936202454</id><published>2009-05-25T07:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-25T07:29:28.129-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Pemerograman PHP MYSQL</title><content type='html'>PHP adalah bahasa pemorgraman yang memungkinkan para web developer untuk &lt;br /&gt;membuat aplikasi web yang dinamis dengan cepat.  PHP merupakan singkatan &lt;br /&gt;dari “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”.  PHP ditulis dan diperkenalkan pertama kali &lt;br /&gt;sekitar tahun 1994 oleh Rasmus Lerdorf melalui situsnya untuk mengetahui siapa &lt;br /&gt;saja yang telah mengakses ringkasan online-nya. &lt;br /&gt;PHP merupakan salah satu bahasa script yang terbilang baru dan tersedia secara &lt;br /&gt;bebas dan masih memungkinkan untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut.  PHP dapat &lt;br /&gt;diintegrasikan (embedded) ke dalam web server, atau dapat berperan sebagai &lt;br /&gt;program CGI yang terpisah. &lt;br /&gt;Karakteristik yang paling unggul dan paling kuat dalam PHP adalah lapisan &lt;br /&gt;integrasi database (database integration layer).  Database yang didukung PHP &lt;br /&gt;adalah: Oracle, Adabas-D, Sybase, FilePro, mSQL, Velocis, MySQL, Informix, &lt;br /&gt;Solid, dBase, ODBC, Unix dbm, dan PostgreSQL. &lt;br /&gt;Tutorial Lengkap Silahkan &lt;a href="http://elearning-stmhabibi.net/index.php?load=materi&amp;matpel=p15&amp;kelas=2"&gt;DISINI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-7053707747936202454?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/7053707747936202454/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=7053707747936202454&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7053707747936202454'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7053707747936202454'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2009/05/pemerograman-php-mysql.html' title='Pemerograman PHP MYSQL'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-1852010448952794722</id><published>2009-04-05T20:22:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-05T20:36:53.571-07:00</updated><title type='text'>ROUTING dan NAT PADA MIKROTIK</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Pendahuluan&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Routing memegang peranan penting dalam suatu network terutama dalam mengatur jalur data dari satu komputer ke komputer lain. Komputer yang bertugas mengatur routing di sebut Router.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Materi pada modul ini berisi instalasi dan penggunaan Sistem Operasi MIKROTIK. Disini sengaja di pilih Sistem Operasi MIKROTIK karena di pandang mudah dalam pengoperasiannya dan kebutuhan hardware yang relatif rendah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kebutuhan hardware minimal :&lt;br /&gt; Pentium II&lt;br /&gt; RAM 64 Mb&lt;br /&gt; Harddisk IDE 400 Mb&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Untuk saat ini MIKROTIK hanya bisa di install di harddisk type IDE, sedang kan harddisk dengan type SCSI dan SATA belum bisa digunakan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MIKROTIK mempunyai banyak service atau tool sehingga bisa dijadikan DHCP server, PROXY server, RADIUS server, DNS server, VPN server selain sebagai router.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada modul ini, akan di bahas MIKROTIK sebagai ROUTER dan sebagai BRIDGE. Disamping itu juga di bahas setting MIKROTIK sebagai pembagi bandwidth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download Tutorial Lengkap &lt;a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ictcenter_smknpungging/files/Komputer%20Jaringan/"&gt;disini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-1852010448952794722?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1852010448952794722/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=1852010448952794722&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1852010448952794722'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1852010448952794722'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2009/04/pendahuluan-routing-memegang-peranan.html' title='ROUTING dan NAT PADA MIKROTIK'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-7577814803286711761</id><published>2009-03-23T22:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-23T22:30:16.427-07:00</updated><title type='text'>ROUTING &amp; NAT CONFIGURATION ON WINDOWS SERVER 2003</title><content type='html'>So what is NAT? Network Address Translation, or NAT, is a technology that uses a router to share an Internet connection among the PCs on your private network, even though those PCs do not have a valid public IP address. There are both hardware and software NAT routers. In this particular situation, we will be configuring a Windows Server 2003 machine to act as a software based NAT router. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As you probably know, a router’s primary purpose is to regulate traffic flow between two networks, and a NAT router is no exception. The server that you will use as a NAT router must have two network interface cards (NICs) installed. One of these NICs will connect to the Internet and the other will connect to the private network. PCs on the private network will then send HTTP requests to the NAT server via the server’s private network connection. The server will then retransmit the request over the Internet on behalf of the client. When the requested Web site responds, the response is sent to the NAT server, which in turn forwards it to the client who made the original request. The client never communicates across the Internet directly.&lt;br /&gt;IP Addressing Considerations&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As I explained in the section above, a NAT router acts as a gateway between your private network and the Internet. The server that is acting as the NAT router must have two NICs. One of the NICs is connected to the Internet. This NIC must be assigned the IP address that was given to you by your Internet Service Provider.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The other NIC connects to your private network. As I mentioned, NAT does not expect you to have valid IP addresses on your private network. Instead, you are basically free to pick an address range at random. There is the off chance that the range that you pick might already be in use by a popular Web site, but I have only seen someone pick an address range that caused problems once. If you want to use an address range that is guaranteed not to interfere with anything on the Internet, you can use the 192.168.x.x address range. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After you pick an address range, I recommend setting up a DHCP server so that it will assign addresses from your chosen address range (the DHCP term for an address range is a scope) to the workstations on your network. You must however statically assign an address to the NIC on the NAT server that connects to your private network. For example, if you chose to use the address range 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.99, then you might consider assigning the address 192.168.1.0 to the NAT server. You could then use the 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.99 address block as your DHCP scope.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While you are configuring your DHCP server, there are a couple of other considerations that you need to make. As you may know, DHCP allows you to optionally assign a default gateway and a DNS server to workstations along with an IP address. When doing so, you must set the default gateway address to match the private network address that you assigned to your NAT server.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You have a few different options when choosing which DNS server address the DHCP server should assign to the workstations on your network. If you don’t have your own DNS server, then the best thing that you can do is to just use the IP address of your Internet service provider’s DNS server. If your network is running Active Directory though, then you already have a DNS server and you should use its address. It doesn’t matter if your DNS server is authoritative for your domain or not. Simply point the workstations to it. You can then set up a forwarder on the DNS Server so that any unresolved queries get forwarded to your ISP’s DNS server. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The advantage to pointing clients to your own DNS server rather than to your ISP’s DNS server is that doing so will provide your users with better performance. Your DNS server is local, so queries reach the server more quickly than they would reach a remote server. Furthermore, your DNS server has a built in cache so that popular Web sites do not have to be resolved each time a user visits them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;FULL TUTORIAL&lt;a href="http://www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/Configuring-Windows-Server-2003-act-NAT-router.html"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-7577814803286711761?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/7577814803286711761/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=7577814803286711761&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7577814803286711761'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7577814803286711761'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2009/03/routing-nat-configuration-on-windows.html' title='ROUTING &amp; NAT CONFIGURATION ON WINDOWS SERVER 2003'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-5979893174978919131</id><published>2008-11-23T22:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-23T22:53:22.407-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Membangun reapeter dengan metode Wireless Distribution System (WDS) menggunakan mikrotik RB 433</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Bjjj2AA7Z1k/SSpOcr1p29I/AAAAAAAAAEU/Xt9ziHTx-fM/s1600-h/wireless-bridge-01-new.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 40px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Bjjj2AA7Z1k/SSpOcr1p29I/AAAAAAAAAEU/Xt9ziHTx-fM/s200/wireless-bridge-01-new.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5272112568501656530" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sering kali, kita ingin menggunakan Mikrotik Wireless untuk solusi point to point dengan mode jaringan bridge (bukan routing). Namun, Mikrotik RouterOS sendiri didesain bekerja dengan sangat baik pada mode routing. Kita perlu melakukan beberapa hal supaya link wireless kita bisa bekerja untuk mode bridge.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mode bridge memungkinkan network yang satu tergabung dengan network di sisi satunya secara transparan, tanpa perlu melalui routing, sehingga mesin yang ada di network yang satu bisa memiliki IP Address yang berada dalam 1 subnet yang sama dengan sisi lainnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Namun, jika jaringan wireless kita sudah cukup besar, mode bridge ini akan membuat traffic wireless meningkat, mengingat akan ada banyak traffic broadcast dari network yang satu ke network lainnya. Untuk jaringan yang sudah cukup besar, saya menyarankan penggunaan mode routing. &lt;br /&gt;Berikut ini adalah diagram network yang akan kita set.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konfigurasi Pada Access Point&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Buatlah sebuah interface bridge yang baru, berilah nama bridge1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   klik interface kemudian tambahkan brige&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-5979893174978919131?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/5979893174978919131/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=5979893174978919131&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/5979893174978919131'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/5979893174978919131'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/11/membangun-reapeter-dengan-metode.html' title='Membangun reapeter dengan metode Wireless Distribution System (WDS) menggunakan mikrotik RB 433'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Bjjj2AA7Z1k/SSpOcr1p29I/AAAAAAAAAEU/Xt9ziHTx-fM/s72-c/wireless-bridge-01-new.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-8406230561070560556</id><published>2008-10-15T14:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-10-15T14:59:36.513-07:00</updated><title type='text'>LOAD BALANCING</title><content type='html'>  &lt;br /&gt;Banyak pertanyaan dari teman-teman, terutama para operator warnet, admin jaringan sekolah/kampus dan korporasi tentang load balancing dua atau lebih koneksi internet. Cara praktikal sebenarnya banyak dijumpai jika kita cari di internet, namun banyak yang merasa kesulitan pada saat diintegrasikan. Penyebab utamanya adalah karena kurang mengerti konsep jaringan, baik di layer 2 atau di layer 3 protokol TCP/IP. Dan umumnya dual koneksi, atau multihome lebih banyak diimplementasikan dalam protokol BGP. Protokol routing kelas ISP ke atas, bukan protokol yang dioprek-oprek di warnet atau jaringan kecil. &lt;br /&gt;Berikut beberapa konsep dasar yang sering memusingkan:&lt;br /&gt;1. Unicast&lt;br /&gt; Protokol dalam trafik internet yang terbanyak adalah TCP, sebuah komunikasi antar host di internet (praktiknya adalah client-server, misal browser anda adalah client maka google adalah server). Trafik ini bersifat dua arah, client melakukan inisiasi koneksi dan server akan membalas inisiasi koneksi tersebut, dan terjadilah TCP session (SYN dan ACK).&lt;br /&gt;2. Destination-address&lt;br /&gt; Dalam jaringan IP kita mengenal router, sebuah persimpangan antara network address dengan network address yang lainnya. Makin menjauh dari pengguna persimpangan itu sangat banyak, router-lah yang mengatur semua trafik tersebut. Jika dianalogikan dengan persimpangan di jalan, maka rambu penunjuk jalan adalah routing table. Penunjuk jalan atau routing table mengabaikan “anda datang dari mana”, cukup dengan “anda mau ke mana” dan anda akan diarahkan ke jalan tepat. Karena konsep inilah saat kita memasang table routing cukup dengan dua parameter, yaitu network address dan gateway saja.&lt;br /&gt;3. Source-address&lt;br /&gt; Source-address adalah alamat IP kita saat melakukan koneksi, saat paket menuju ke internet paket akan melewati router-router ISP, upstream provider, backbone internet dst hingga sampai ke tujuan (SYN). Selanjutnya server akan membalas koneksi (ACK) sebaliknya hingga kembali ke komputer kita. Saat server membalas koneksi namun ada gangguan saat menuju network kita (atau ISPnya) maka komputer kita sama sekali tidak akan mendeteksi adanya koneksi. Seolah-olah putus total, walaupun kemungkinan besar putusnya koneksi hanya satu arah.&lt;br /&gt;4. Default gateway&lt;br /&gt; Saat sebuah router mempunyai beberapa interface (seperti persimpangan, ada simpang tiga, simpang empat dan simpang lima) maka tabel routing otomatis akan bertambah, namun default router atau default gateway hanya bisa satu. Fungsinya adalah mengarahkan paket ke network address yang tidak ada dalam tabel routing (network address 0.0.0.0/0).&lt;br /&gt;5. Dua koneksi&lt;br /&gt; Permasalahan umumnya muncul di sini, saat sebuah router mempunyai dua koneksi ke internet (sama atau berbeda ISP-nya). Default gateway di router tetap hanya bisa satu, ditambah pun yang bekerja tetap hanya satu. Jadi misal router NAT anda terhubung ke ISP A melalui interface A dan gateway A dan ke ISP B melalui interface B dan gateway B, dan default gateway ke ISP A, maka trafik downlink hanya akan datang dari ISP A saja. Begitu juga sebaliknya jika dipasang default gateway ke ISP B.&lt;br /&gt;Bagaimana menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut?&lt;br /&gt; Konsep utamanya adalah source-address routing. Source-address routing ibaratnya anda dicegat di persimpangan oleh polisi dan polisi menanyakan “anda dari mana?” dan anda akan ditunjukkan ke jalur yang tepat.&lt;br /&gt;Pada router NAT (atau router pada umumnya), source-address secara default tidak dibaca, tidak dipertimbangkan. Jadi pada kasus di atas karena default gateway ke ISP A maka NAT akan meneruskan paket sebagai paket yang pergi dari IP address interface A (yang otomatis akan mendapat downlink dari ISP A ke interface A dan diteruskan ke jaringan dalam).&lt;br /&gt;Dalam jaringan yang lebih besar (bukan NAT), source-address yang melewati network lain disebut sebagai transit (di-handle dengan protokol BGP oleh ISP). Contoh praktis misalnya anda membeli bandwidth yang turun dari satelit melalui DVB, namun koneksi uplink menggunakan jalur terestrial (dial-up, leased-line atau fixed-wireless). Dalam kasus ini paket inisiasi koneksi harus menjadi source-address network downlink DVB, agar bandwidth downlink dari internet mengarah DVB receiver, bukan ke jalur terestrial.&lt;br /&gt;Di lingkungan Linux, pengaturan source-address bisa dilakukan oleh iproute2. Iproute2 akan bekerja sebelum diteruskan ke table routing. Misal kita mengatur dua segmen LAN internal agar satu segmen menjadi source-address A dan satu segmen lainnya menjadi source-address B, agar kedua koneksi ke ISP terutilisasi bersamaan.&lt;br /&gt;Penerapan utilisasi dua koneksi tersebut bisa mengambil tiga konsep, yaitu round-robin, loadbalance atau failover. &lt;br /&gt;6. Round-robin&lt;br /&gt; Misalkan anda mempunyai tiga koneksi internet di satu router NAT, koneksi pertama di sebut Batman, koneksi kedua disebut Baskin dan koneksi ketiga disebut Williams, maka konsep round-robin adalah sang Robin akan selalu berpindah-pindah secara berurutan mengambil source-address (bukan random). Misal ada satu TCP session dari komputer di jaringan internal, maka koneksi TCP tersebut tetap di source-address pertama hingga sesi TCP selesai (menjadi Batman &amp; Robin). Saat TCP session Batman &amp; Robin tersebut belum selesai, ada ada request koneksi baru dari jaringan, maka sang Robin akan mengambil source-address koneksi berikutnya, menjadi Baskin &amp; Robin. Dan seterusnya sang Robin akan me-round-round setiap koneksi tanpa memperhatikan penuh atau tidaknya salah satu koneksi.&lt;br /&gt;Pasti anda sedang pusing membaca kalimat di atas, atau sedang tertawa terbahak-bahak.&lt;br /&gt;7. Loadbalance&lt;br /&gt; Konsep loadbalance mirip dengan konsep round-robin di atas, hanya saja sang Robin dipaksa melihat utilisasi ketiga koneksi tersebut di atas. Misalkan koneksi Batman &amp; Robin serta Baskin &amp; Robin sudah penuh, maka koneksi yang dipilih yang lebih kosong, dan koneksi yang diambil menjadi Robin Williams. Request koneksi berikutnya kembali sang Robin harus melihat dulu utilisasi koneksi yang ada, apakah ia harus menjadi Batman &amp; Robin, Baskin &amp; Robin atau Robin Williams, agar semua utilisasi koneksi seimbang, balance.&lt;br /&gt;8. Failover&lt;br /&gt; Konsep fail-over bisa disebut sebagai backup otomatis. Misalkan kapasitas link terbesar adalah link Batman, dan link Baskin lebih kecil. Kedua koneksi tersebut terpasang online, namun koneksi tetap di satu link Batman &amp; Robin, sehingga pada saat link Batman jatuh koneksi akan berpindah otomatis ke link Baskin, menjadi Baskin &amp; Robin hingga link Batman up kembali.&lt;br /&gt;*makan es krim Haagendaz dulu*&lt;br /&gt;Tools NAT yang mempunyai ketiga fitur di atas adalah Packet Firewall (PF) di lingkungan BSD, disebut dengan nat pool. Saya belum menemukan implementasi yang bagus (dan cukup mudah) di Linux dengan iproute2. &lt;br /&gt;*Uraian panjang di atas hanyalah kata sambutan sodara-sodara…* &lt;br /&gt;Berikut contoh implementasi load balance dua koneksi sesuai judul di atas. Dijalankan di mesin OpenBSD sebagai NAT router dengan dua koneksi DSL Telkom, interface ethernet sk0 dan sk1. &lt;br /&gt;1. Aktifkan forwarding di /etc/sysctl.conf&lt;br /&gt;net.inet.ip.forwarding=1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Pastikan konfigurasi interface dan default routing kosong, hanya filename saja&lt;br /&gt;# /etc/hosts.sk0&lt;br /&gt;# /etc/hosts.sk1&lt;br /&gt;# /etc/hostname.sk0&lt;br /&gt;# /etc/hostname.sk1&lt;br /&gt;# /etc/mygate&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Script koneksi DSL Speedy, pppoe0 untuk koneksi pertama dan pppoe1 untuk koneksi kedua. Sesuaikan interface, username dan passwordnya. Jangan lupa, gunakan indent tab.&lt;br /&gt;# /etc/ppp/ppp.conf&lt;br /&gt;default:&lt;br /&gt;        set log Phase Chat LCP IPCP CCP tun command&lt;br /&gt;        set redial 15 0&lt;br /&gt;        set reconnect 15 10000&lt;br /&gt;pppoe0:&lt;br /&gt;        set device "!/usr/sbin/pppoe -i sk0"&lt;br /&gt;        disable acfcomp protocomp&lt;br /&gt;        deny acfcomp&lt;br /&gt;        set mtu max 1492&lt;br /&gt;        set mru max 1492&lt;br /&gt;        set crtscts off&lt;br /&gt;        set speed sync&lt;br /&gt;        enable lqr&lt;br /&gt;        set lqrperiod 5&lt;br /&gt;        set cd 5&lt;br /&gt;        set dial&lt;br /&gt;        set login&lt;br /&gt;        set timeout 0&lt;br /&gt;        set authname blahblahblah@telkom.net&lt;br /&gt;        set authkey asaljangandejek&lt;br /&gt;        add! default HISADDR&lt;br /&gt;        enable dns&lt;br /&gt;        enable mssfixup&lt;br /&gt;pppoe1:&lt;br /&gt;        set device "!/usr/sbin/pppoe -i sk1"&lt;br /&gt;        disable acfcomp protocomp&lt;br /&gt;        deny acfcomp&lt;br /&gt;        set mtu max 1492&lt;br /&gt;        set mru max 1492&lt;br /&gt;        set crtscts off&lt;br /&gt;        set speed sync&lt;br /&gt;        enable lqr&lt;br /&gt;        set lqrperiod 5&lt;br /&gt;        set cd 5&lt;br /&gt;        set dial&lt;br /&gt;        set login&lt;br /&gt;        set timeout 0&lt;br /&gt;        set authname blahblahblah2@telkom.net&lt;br /&gt;        set authkey vikingboneksamasaja&lt;br /&gt;        add! default HISADDR&lt;br /&gt;        enable dns&lt;br /&gt;        enable mssfixup&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Aktifkan interface sk0 dan sk1&lt;br /&gt;# ifconfig sk0 up&lt;br /&gt;# ifconfig sk1 up&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Jalankan PPPoE, Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet.&lt;br /&gt;# ppp -ddial pppoe0&lt;br /&gt;# ppp -ddial pppoe1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Jika koneksi Speedy berhasil, IP address dari Speedy akan di-binding di interface tunneling tun0 dan tun1&lt;br /&gt;# ifconfig&lt;br /&gt;tun0: flags=8051 mtu 1492&lt;br /&gt;        groups: tun egress&lt;br /&gt;        inet 125.xxx.xxx.113 --&gt; 125.163.72.1 netmask 0xffffffff&lt;br /&gt;tun1: flags=8051 mtu 1492&lt;br /&gt;        groups: tun&lt;br /&gt;        inet 125.xxx.xxx.114 --&gt; 125.163.72.1 netmask 0xffffffff&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Dan default gateway akan aktif&lt;br /&gt;# netstat -nr |more&lt;br /&gt;Routing tables&lt;br /&gt;Internet:&lt;br /&gt;Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use    Mtu  Interface&lt;br /&gt;default            125.163.72.1       UGS         7    17529      -   tun0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Serta konfigurasi resolver DNS pun akan terisi&lt;br /&gt;# cat /etc/resolv.conf&lt;br /&gt;lookup file bind&lt;br /&gt;nameserver 202.134.2.5&lt;br /&gt;nameserver 203.130.196.5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. Aktifkan Packet Firewall pf&lt;br /&gt;# /etc/rc.conf&lt;br /&gt;pf=”YES”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. Script Packet Firewall NAT dan balancing dengan round-robin (ganti round-robin dengan loadbalance jika lebih sesuai dengan kebutuhan anda). Baris yang di-indent masih termasuk baris di atasnya. Entah kenapa tag &lt;pre&gt; malah menghilangkan karakter backslash (\).&lt;br /&gt;# /etc/pf.conf&lt;br /&gt;lan_net = "10.0.0.0/8"&lt;br /&gt;int_if  = "vr0"&lt;br /&gt;ext_if1 = "tun0"&lt;br /&gt;ext_if2 = "tun1"&lt;br /&gt;ext_gw1 = "125.163.72.1"&lt;br /&gt;ext_gw2 = "125.163.72.1"&lt;br /&gt;# scrub all&lt;br /&gt;scrub in all&lt;br /&gt;#  nat outgoing connections on each internet interface&lt;br /&gt;nat on $ext_if1 from $lan_net to any -&gt; ($ext_if1)&lt;br /&gt;nat on $ext_if2 from $lan_net to any -&gt; ($ext_if2)&lt;br /&gt;#  pass all outgoing packets on internal interface&lt;br /&gt;pass out on $int_if from any to $lan_net&lt;br /&gt;#  pass in quick any packets destined for the gateway itself&lt;br /&gt;pass in quick on $int_if from $lan_net to $int_if&lt;br /&gt;#  load balance outgoing tcp traffic from internal network.&lt;br /&gt;pass in on $int_if route-to \&lt;br /&gt;    { ($ext_if1 $ext_gw1), ($ext_if2 $ext_gw2) } round-robin \&lt;br /&gt;    proto tcp from $lan_net to any flags S/SA modulate state&lt;br /&gt;#  load balance outgoing udp and icmp traffic from internal network&lt;br /&gt;pass in on $int_if route-to \&lt;br /&gt;    { ($ext_if1 $ext_gw1), ($ext_if2 $ext_gw2) } round-robin \&lt;br /&gt;    proto { udp, icmp } from $lan_net to any keep state&lt;br /&gt;#  general "pass out" rules for external interfaces&lt;br /&gt;pass out on $ext_if1 proto tcp from any to any flags S/SA modulate state&lt;br /&gt;pass out on $ext_if1 proto { udp, icmp } from any to any keep state&lt;br /&gt;pass out on $ext_if2 proto tcp from any to any flags S/SA modulate state&lt;br /&gt;pass out on $ext_if2 proto { udp, icmp } from any to any keep state&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10. Aktifkan script yang diperlukan di /etc/rc.local agar setiap reboot langsung bekerja.&lt;br /&gt;ifconfig sk0 up&lt;br /&gt;ifconfig sk1 up&lt;br /&gt;# aktifkan speedy&lt;br /&gt;ppp -ddial pppoe0&lt;br /&gt;ppp -ddial pppoe1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PF akan langsung bekerja membaca /etc/pf.conf.&lt;br /&gt; Jika harus me-restart koneksi DSL Speedy, pastikan pppoe dimatikan dulu&lt;br /&gt;# pkill ppp&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika tidak, maka ppp akan membuat tunneling baru menjadi tun2, tun3 dan seterusnya.&lt;br /&gt;11. Untuk memantau fungsi nat pool round-robin di atas bekerja atau tidak, bisa menggunakan tools pftop yang bisa diambil di http://www.eee.metu.edu.tr/~canacar/pftop/&lt;br /&gt;Jika anda mengoptimasikan koneksi jaringan juga dengan menggunakan proxy, misalnya Squid, maka proxy Squid jangan dipasang juga di mesin router NAT tersebut, sebab saat Squid mengakses halaman web ke internet; oleh PF dianggap bukan sebagai koneksi NAT, jadi tidak akan di-balance, dan akan stay mengambil interface utama dan default gateway pertama. Simpanlah mesin proxy/squid di belakang router NAT, agar koneksi proxy ke internet menjadi trafik NAT yang akan di-balance oleh script PF di atas.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-8406230561070560556?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/8406230561070560556/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=8406230561070560556&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8406230561070560556'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8406230561070560556'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/10/load-balancing.html' title='LOAD BALANCING'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-1343432626588900841</id><published>2008-09-06T07:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-09-06T07:08:28.234-07:00</updated><title type='text'>TIPS dan TRIK Mempercepat Kinerja Windows XP</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Bjjj2AA7Z1k/SMKOHLRaZqI/AAAAAAAAADQ/V2g9nr1AdOU/s1600-h/ISKANDAR++EDIT1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Bjjj2AA7Z1k/SMKOHLRaZqI/AAAAAAAAADQ/V2g9nr1AdOU/s200/ISKANDAR++EDIT1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5242909170148730530" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ada beberapa hal yang seharusnya Anda lakukan Setelah menginstalasi Windows dan aplikasi-aplikasi lain yang dibutuhkan ke dalam komputer. Di antaranya adalah melakukan beberapa hal untuk mempercepat serta mempermudah kinerja komputer. Misalnya, mengatur agar komputer bisa restart lebih cepat, atau memunculkan menu tersembunyi, menggunakan shortcut untuk akses lebih cepat dan lain sebagainya.&lt;br /&gt;Semua hal di atas adalah sebagian kecil dari tip dan trik dasar Windows yang kami sampaikan berikut ini. Beberapa panduan langkah demi langkah yang mudah berikut ini akan menjadikan komputer Anda lebih nyaman bekerja. Tentu saja, akhirnya, produktivitas Anda di depan komputer kian berkembang.&lt;br /&gt;Sebuah komputer yang nyaman saja belum cukup tanpa dibarengi Instalasi program yang ada dalam tulisan ini kebanyakan berasal dari situs resmi Microsoft. Sehingga kecil kemungkinannya program-program ini&lt;br /&gt;menyebabkan error di PC. Jadi jangan ragu, ikuti terus tip dan trik dasar pada Windows yang jarang terungkap!&lt;br /&gt;Instalasi Windows yang Mudah dan Menyenangkan&lt;br /&gt;1.Back-up dahulu registry sebelum diedit. Caranya, klik Start|Run, ketik regedit. Setelah muncul window registry, pilih menu File|Export.&lt;br /&gt;Pada bagian Export range, pilih All dan tentukan nama file, akhiri dengan klik tombol Save.&lt;br /&gt;2.Banyak program yang sebenarnya terinstalasi dalam Windows, namun tidak aktif. Untuk mengaktifkannya, masuk ke Control Panel|Add/Remove Windows Component dan beri tanda centang pada program yang belum aktif.&lt;br /&gt;3.Sebelum menginstalasi program baru atau melakukan perubahan setting Windows secara keseluruhan, lebih baik buat Restore Point secara manual dahulu. Caranya, Klik Start|All Programs|Accessories|System Tool|System Restore dan klik Create a restore point.&lt;br /&gt;4.Jika Anda memutuskan untuk menginstalasi Windows Update yang sebelumnya sudah didecline, masuk ke Control Panel|System, pilih tab Automatic Updates dan klik Restore Declined Updates.&lt;br /&gt;5.Untuk mengatur Windows update berjalan sesuai dengan kebutuhan Anda, atur dulu Windows Update. Caranya, buka System di Control Panel dan klik tab Automatic Updates. Atur enable atau disable option Keep my computer up to date.&lt;br /&gt;6.Bila Anda tidak memiliki CD bootable, jangan khawatir. Microsoft sudah menyediakan tool gratis untuk membuat disket booting di http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=310994.&lt;br /&gt;7.Jika saat instalasi Windows tiba-tiba terhenti, matikan computer dan lepas card tambahan. Misalnya sound card. Instal ulang dan pasang kembali card setelah instalasi selesai.&lt;br /&gt;8.Untuk menambahkan System Administration Tools ada Start Menu, klik kanan Start|Properties. Masuk dalam tab Start Menu dan klik Customize kemudian masuk dalam tab Advanced. Geser ke bawah dan beri tanda centang pada option Display on the All Programs and the Start Menu.&lt;br /&gt;9. Untuk menginstal Back up Utility pada Windows XP Home Edition carilah file ntbackup.msi di direktori\valudeadd\msft\ntbackup\ di CD instalasi Windows XP. Jalankan file tersebut dan ikuti langkahlangkahnya.&lt;br /&gt;10. Windows XP secara otomatis akan me-highlight setiap program baru yang ter-install. Cara menghilangkannya, klik kanan Start|Properties. Masuk ke tab Start Menu|Customize, kemudian klik tab Advanced dan&lt;br /&gt;hilangkan tanda centang pada opsi Highlight newly installed program.&lt;br /&gt;11. Untuk tampilan film atau game terbaik pada komputer, pastikan bahwa DirextX terbaru sudah terinstalasi dengan baik. Lihat versi terbarunya di www.microsoft.com/windows/directx.&lt;br /&gt;12. Ada kalanya hardware yang akan dipasang belum support Plug-and-Play. Untuk itu, gunakan Add Hardware Wizard yang ada di Control Panel|System|Hardware untuk mendeteksinya. –&gt; TOP TIPS ! Mempercepat Kerja Komputer&lt;br /&gt;13. Sebenarnya hanya dibutuhkan waktu tidak lebih dari 2 menit saja untuk masuk ke Windows sejak komputer dihidupkan. Namun, kadang terasa sangat lama. Untuk mempercepat loading Windows, ada beberapa hal yang bisa&lt;br /&gt;dilakukan. Misalnya, mengurangi icon di desktop serta tidak menggunakan wallpaper yang memakan banyak memory. Ganti wallpaper dengan background berwarna, serta gunakan Desktop Cleanup Wizard yang ada bisa ditemui dengan klik kanan pada desktop untuk membersihkan icon. Jangan lupa juga, jalankan defrag secara berkala. Jika Anda sering menambah atau mengurangi program di komputer, bersihkan registry secara rutin. Gunakan software bantu seperti Registry Mechanic dari situs www.winguides.com. Sayangnya, versi trial program ini&lt;br /&gt;hanya bisa digunakan memperbaiki sebanyak 6 sections saja. Langkah lain yang perlu dilakukan adalah me-remove program yang di-load secara otomatis saat memulai Windows. Tentu saja, hanya program-program yang tidak dibutuhkan. Caranya, dengan menghapus semua isi folder startup dan membuka msconfig melalui Start|Run.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Posting By : Iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-1343432626588900841?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1343432626588900841/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=1343432626588900841&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1343432626588900841'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1343432626588900841'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/09/tips-dan-trik-mempercepat-kinerja.html' title='TIPS dan TRIK Mempercepat Kinerja Windows XP'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Bjjj2AA7Z1k/SMKOHLRaZqI/AAAAAAAAADQ/V2g9nr1AdOU/s72-c/ISKANDAR++EDIT1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-4607290077751201436</id><published>2008-05-06T05:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-05-06T05:37:31.760-07:00</updated><title type='text'>NEW VARIANT FROM DEBIAN (DREAM LINUX 3.01)</title><content type='html'>What is Dreamlinux ? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;•Dreamlinux is a modern and modular GNU/Linux system that can be run directly from a CD/DVD/Pen-Drive and optionally be installed to a HDD (IDE, SCSI, SATA, PATA and USB).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Dreamlinux comes with a selection of the best applications designed to meet most of your daily needs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Dreamlinux is based on the venerable Debian Operating System, which means it takes advantage of Debian best features and adds its own modern development tools, system scripts and applications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Dreamlinux Desktop Edition 3.0 offers two options of Desktop Environments to be selected during boot time: Xfce and Gnome.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See what you can do running Dreamlinux:&lt;br /&gt;Work with:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The OpenOffice.org office suite; the Orage personal organizer; the PDF Reader Evince;&lt;br /&gt;the instant communicator Pidgin; theThunderbird e-mail client and the Firefox (Iceweasel) web browser pre- configured, including several useful plugins such as java, flash, audio and video, etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Design, paint:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unleash your imagination with the digital painting applications: Gthumb and GimpShop. Draw using Inkscape, the last word in vector graphics design, with exclusive features. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Listen to:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Music, be in the traditional CD format, be in the new audio formats such as mp3, ogg and others, using Rhythmbox and Gxine. Convert audio files using SoundConverter. Use SoundJuicer to extract tracks from your CD and record audio CDs using Brasero.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;View:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download photos from a photo camera with just one mouse click. Cut, paste and edit using AviDemux.&lt;br /&gt;Record CD/DVD using Brasero. Run any video format file using MPlayer with subtitles and several tunning options. Watch DVDs with the original interactive menus using Gxine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download Dream Linux 3.0 di http://www.dreamlinux.com.br&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-4607290077751201436?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/4607290077751201436/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=4607290077751201436&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/4607290077751201436'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/4607290077751201436'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/05/new-variant-from-debian-dream-linux-301.html' title='NEW VARIANT FROM DEBIAN (DREAM LINUX 3.01)'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-2308905260144623750</id><published>2008-04-28T05:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-28T05:55:49.694-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Ubuntu 7.10 Flash Disk Installation</title><content type='html'>USB 7.10 Ubuntu Linux install from: This tutorial enables you to install, boot and run Ubuntu 7.10 (Dapper Gibbon) from a USB flash drive. In addition to installing Ubuntu to a USB device and then booting Ubuntu from the memory stick, this tutorial will enable you to automatically save your changes and settings back to the thumb drive and further restore them on each boot using a second "casper-rw" persistent partition. In addition to installing Ubuntu to a USB device and then booting Ubuntu from the memory stick, this tutorial will enable you to automatically save your changes and settings back to the thumb drive and further restore them on each boot using a second "casper-rw" persistent partition. The tutorial was written for those already familiar with working from Ubuntu or another Linux desktop environment. The tutorial was written for those already familiar with working from Ubuntu or another Linux desktop environment. If you do not have access to or prefer not to use a Windows computer, this Ubuntu Linux on a stick tutorial is for you. If you do not have access to or prefer not to use a Windows computer, this Ubuntu Linux on a stick tutorial is for you. &lt;br /&gt;Ubuntu 7.10 takes slightly longer to boot than previous releases. Ubuntu 7.10 takes slightly longer to boot than previous releases. However, once it's up and running, it performs much better than running from the Live CD. However, once it's up and running, it performs much better than running from the Live CD. &lt;br /&gt;USB Ubuntu 7.10 Essentials: USB Ubuntu 7.10 Essentials: &lt;br /&gt;• Ubuntu7.10 ISO ISO Ubuntu7.10 &lt;br /&gt;• CD Burner CD Burner &lt;br /&gt;• 1GB USB flash drive (2GB+ recommended) 1GB USB flash drive (2GB + recommended) &lt;br /&gt;• U710fix.zip U710fix.zip &lt;br /&gt;Ubuntu 7.10 USB installation tutorial: Ubuntu 7.10 USB installation tutorial: &lt;br /&gt;Hint: You can drastically speed up the install by Copying and Pasting most commands into the terminal instead of manually typing them out. Hint: You can drastically speed up the install by Copying and Pasting most commands into the terminal instead of manually typing them out. With the exception of replacing x with your drive letter. With the exception of replacing X with your drive letter. &lt;br /&gt;1. Grab the Ubuntu 7.10 ISO and burn it to a CD Grab the Ubuntu 7.10 ISO and burn it to a CD &lt;br /&gt;2. Insert the CD and your USB flash drive Insert the CD and your USB flash drive &lt;br /&gt;3. Reboot your computer into Ubuntu from the Live CD Reboot your computer into Ubuntu from the Live CD &lt;br /&gt;4. Open a terminal window and type sudo su Open a terminal window and type sudo su &lt;br /&gt;5. Type fdisk -l to list available drives/partitions. Type fdisk-l to list available drives / partitions. Note which device is your flash drive (example: /dev/sda ) Throughout this tutorial, replace x with your flash drive letter. Note which device is your flash drive (example: / dev / sda) Throughout this tutorial, replace X with your flash drive letter. For example, if your flash drive is sdb , replace x with b . For example, if your flash drive is sdb, replace X with b. &lt;br /&gt;6. Type umount /dev/sd x 1 Type umount / dev / sd x 1 &lt;br /&gt;7. Type fdisk /dev/sd x Type fdisk / dev / sd x &lt;br /&gt;o type p to show the existing partition and d to delete it P type to show the existing partition and d to delete it &lt;br /&gt;o type p again to show any remaining partitions (if partitions exist, repeat the previous step) P type again to show any remaining partitions (if partitions exist, repeat the previous step) &lt;br /&gt;o type n to make a new partition No type to make a new partition &lt;br /&gt;o type p for primary partition Type p for Primary Partition &lt;br /&gt;o type 1 to make this the first partition Type 1 to make this the first partition &lt;br /&gt;o hit enter to use the default 1st cylinder Hit enter to use the default 1st cylinder &lt;br /&gt;o type +750M to set the partition size Type +750 F to set the partition size &lt;br /&gt;o type a to make this partition active To make this type of partition active &lt;br /&gt;o type 1 to select partition 1 Type 1 to select partition 1 &lt;br /&gt;o type t to change the partition filesystem T type to change the partition filesystem &lt;br /&gt;o type 6 to select the fat16 file system 6 to select the type fat16 file system &lt;br /&gt;o type n to make another new partition No type to make another new partition &lt;br /&gt;o type p for primary partition Type p for Primary Partition &lt;br /&gt;o type 2 to make this the second partition Type 2 to make this the second partition &lt;br /&gt;o hit enter to use the default cylinder Hit enter to use the default cylinder &lt;br /&gt;o hit enter again to use the default last cylinder Hit enter again to use the default last cylinder &lt;br /&gt;o type w to write the new partition table W type to write the new partition table &lt;br /&gt;8. Type umount /dev/sd x 1 to ensure the 1st partition is unmounted Type umount / dev / sd x 1 to ensure the 1st partition is unmounted &lt;br /&gt;9. Type mkfs.vfat -F 16 -n ubuntu710 /dev/sd x 1 to format the first partition Type mkfs.vfat F-16-No ubuntu710 / dev / sd x 1 format to the first partition &lt;br /&gt;10. Type umount /dev/sd x 2 just to ensure the 2nd partition is unmounted Type umount / dev / sd x 2 just to ensure the 2nd partition is unmounted &lt;br /&gt;11. Type mkfs.ext2 -b 4096 -L casper-rw /dev/sd x 2 to format the second partition Type mkfs.ext2 b-4096-L casper-rw / dev / sd x 2 format to the second partition &lt;br /&gt;12. Remove and Re-insert your flash drive Remove and re-insert your flash drive &lt;br /&gt;13. Back at the terminal, type apt-get update Back at the terminal, type apt-get update &lt;br /&gt;14. Type apt-get install syslinux mtools Type apt-get install syslinux mtools &lt;br /&gt;15. Type syslinux -sf /dev/sd x 1 Type syslinux-sf / dev / sd x 1 &lt;br /&gt;16. Type cd /cdrom Type cd / cdrom &lt;br /&gt;17. Type cp -rf casper disctree dists install pics pool preseed .disk isolinux/* md5sum.txt README.diskdefines ubuntu.ico casper/vmlinuz casper/initrd.gz /media/ubuntu710/ Type cp-rf casper disctree dists install pics pool preseed. Disk isolinux / * md5sum.txt README.diskdefines ubuntu.ico casper / vmlinuz casper / initrd.gz / media/ubuntu710 / &lt;br /&gt;Ignore any "cannot create symbolic link" errors Ignore any "can not create symbolic link" errors &lt;br /&gt;18. Type cd /home/ubuntu Type cd / home / ubuntu &lt;br /&gt;19. Type wget pendrivelinux.com/downloads/U710fix.zip Type wget pendrivelinux.com/downloads/U710fix.zip &lt;br /&gt;20. Type unzip -o -d /media/ubuntu710/ U710fix.zip Type unzip-or-d / media/ubuntu710 / U710fix.zip &lt;br /&gt;21. Restart your computer, set your BIOS or Boot menu to boot from the USB device and reboot again. Restart your computer, set your BIOS or Boot menu to boot from the USB device and reboot again. &lt;br /&gt;You should now have a USB Ubuntu 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon flash drive that should automatically save your changes, restoring them on boot. You should now have a USB 7.10 Ubuntu Dapper Gibbon flash drive that should automatically save your changes, restoring them on boot. &lt;br /&gt;Note: If your having trouble getting Ubuntu to boot, your memory stick may have a corrupted MBR. Note: If your having trouble getting Ubuntu to boot, your memory stick may have a corrupted MBR. To repair the MBR of your USB device, at the terminal type sudo apt-get install lilo then type lilo -M /dev/sd x (replacing x with the letter of your flash device) To repair the MBR of your USB device, at the terminal type sudo apt-get install lilo then type lilo M / dev / sd x (x replacing with the letter of your flash device)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-2308905260144623750?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/2308905260144623750/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=2308905260144623750&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/2308905260144623750'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/2308905260144623750'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/04/ubuntu-710-flash-disk-installation.html' title='Ubuntu 7.10 Flash Disk Installation'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-7729609033850645907</id><published>2008-04-19T21:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-19T21:30:13.960-07:00</updated><title type='text'>HOWTO: Setup Samba peer-to-peer with Windows</title><content type='html'>As many fellow Ubuntu users seem to have trouble setting up samba peer-to-peer with Windows I decided to write a small howto on this matter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NOTE: I am aware that there's a wiki-page as well as several other howto's around - but by looking at the constant "how do I setup samba" posts that are floating around in the forum I simply see the need for a more thourough guide on this matter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Feel free to contribute and suggest - it'll only help to make this howto a better guide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The goal of this howto is to have samba act like a Windows Workstation in the LAN. As a "value added bonus" we will use samba to do netbios name resolution so that you can use the names of the workstations for network drive mapping instead of their ip-addresses (i.e.: \MY_WINDOWS_BOX\SHARE) - but only for as long as your Linux box has an static ip-address and is up and running.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This guide is based on Ubuntu 6.06 LTS and intended for all architectures (i386, AMD64, ...) - if you are still using Breezy it's safe to follow this guide as there should be no differencies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A second guide on how to setup samba as Primary Domain Controller along with several other services such as DHCP, DNS and NTP will follow later on as this topic will be a little more thourough.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Prerequisites&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Your Linux box should have an static ip-address.&lt;br /&gt;In case you're getting your ip from a router/server via DHCP make sure it's configured to provide a fixed dhcp-lease. If that's no valid option you cannot use WINS ... more on this way down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- You need to have samba installed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ictcenter_smknpungging/files/Komputer%20Jaringan/"&gt;Full Download Tutorial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-7729609033850645907?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/7729609033850645907/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=7729609033850645907&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7729609033850645907'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7729609033850645907'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/04/howto-setup-samba-peer-to-peer-with.html' title='HOWTO: Setup Samba peer-to-peer with Windows'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-4344635919189624446</id><published>2008-04-19T21:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-19T21:14:53.917-07:00</updated><title type='text'>HOW TO SETUP REMOTE DEKSTOP ON UBUNTU</title><content type='html'>This guide explains how you can enable a remote desktop on an Ubuntu desktop so that you can access and control it remotely. This makes sense for example if you have customers that are not very tech-savvy. If they have a problem, you can log in to their desktops without the need to drive to their location. I will also show how to access the remote Ubuntu desktop from a Windows XP client and an Ubuntu client. &lt;br /&gt;I do not issue any guarantee that this will work for you!&lt;a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ictcenter_smknpungging/files/Komputer%20Jaringan/"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Full Download&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-4344635919189624446?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/4344635919189624446/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=4344635919189624446&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/4344635919189624446'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/4344635919189624446'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/04/how-to-setup-remote-dekstop-on-ubuntu.html' title='HOW TO SETUP REMOTE DEKSTOP ON UBUNTU'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-7077052497598708144</id><published>2008-04-08T20:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-08T20:06:15.566-07:00</updated><title type='text'>PC LINUX Mini ME via USB FlashDisk</title><content type='html'>Berikut adalah cara menjadikan PCLinuxOS MiniME bisa dijalankan via USB Flash Disk dengan langkah-langkah setup menggunakan distro Linux.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Download ISO PCLinuxOS MiniMe dan burning ke CD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Restart komputer, set agar boot via CD, jalankan PCLinuxOS melalui CD (LiveCD)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Login sebagai root, password : root&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Pasang USB Flash Disk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Buka Konsole / Terminal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Check posisi pada /dev dengan menjalankan perintah fdisk -l. Biasanya USB Flash Disk terdeteksi pada /dev/sda1 atau /dev/sdb1. Contoh dalam tutorial ini menggunakan /dev/sda1. Silakan sesuaikan dengan posisi flash disk anda&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Lakukan unmounting pada flash disk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;umount /dev/sda1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. Lakukan pembuatan partisi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- fdisk /dev/sda&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perintah diatas akan menjalankan perintah fdisk. Perintah berikut dijalankan pada prompt fdisk.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- p (untuk display partisi)&lt;br /&gt;- d (untuk hapus partisi)&lt;br /&gt;- p (lagi, untuk memastikan tidak ada partisi tersisa)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika sudah bersih, lakukan proses pembuatan partisi baru&lt;br /&gt;- n (untuk membuat partisi baru)&lt;br /&gt;- p (partisi primer)&lt;br /&gt;- 1 (untuk partisi 1)&lt;br /&gt;- ENTER (default first cylinder)&lt;br /&gt;- ENTER (default last cylinder)&lt;br /&gt;- a (mengaktifkan partisi)&lt;br /&gt;- 1 (partisi yang diaktifkan adalah partisi 1)&lt;br /&gt;- t (mengubah file sistem)&lt;br /&gt;- 6 (pilihan FAT)&lt;br /&gt;- w (menyimpan perubahan)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. Unmount flash disk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;umount /dev/sda1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10. Format Flash Disk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;mkfs.vfat -F 16 -n usb /dev/sda1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11. Cabut Flash Disk dan masukkan kembali&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12. Buat partisi sementara untuk flash disk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;mkdir /tmp/usb&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;13. Lakukan proses mount&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;mount /dev/sda1 /tmp/usb&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;14. Mounting CDROM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;mount /mnt/cdrom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;15. Pindah ke CDROM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;cd /mnt/cdrom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;16.Copy file&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;cp -rf livecd.sqfs isolinux/* /tmp/usb&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;17. Pindah ke folder mounting flash disk dan rename file isolinux.cfg menjadi syslinux.cfg&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;cd /tmp/usb&lt;br /&gt;mv isolinux.cfg syslinux.cfg&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;18. Keluar dari folder mounting dan lakukan unmounting flash disk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;cd&lt;br /&gt;umount /tmp/usb&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;19. Buat sistem booting pada USB Flash Disk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;syslinux -sf /dev/sda1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;20. Restart komputer dan setting BIOS agar bisa boot via USB Flash Disk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meski prosesnya cukup panjang, mestinya tidak terlalu sulit untuk dilakukan :-).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Posted by Iskandar, S.Pd,M.Pd&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-7077052497598708144?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/7077052497598708144/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=7077052497598708144&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7077052497598708144'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7077052497598708144'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/04/pc-linux-mini-me-via-usb-flashdisk.html' title='PC LINUX Mini ME via USB FlashDisk'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-5563946326603344945</id><published>2008-04-07T18:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-07T19:08:55.518-07:00</updated><title type='text'>INSTALASI UBUNTU 7.10 DI FLASH DISK</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;LANGKAH KERJA MENGINSTAL UBUNTU 7.10 MELALUI FLASHDISK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Buat yang pengen belajar linux anytime and anywhere, ni da sedikit tutorial cara install linux di FlashDisk. Ni kayak live CD tapi pake FlashDisk, enaknya kita namakan Linux Live FlashDisk aja ya. Sementara Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon) dulu, klo da sempet entar kita susun yang PCLinuxOS, Slax, dll. Kayaknya disalah satu tabloid komputer (Komputek) dah diulas, tapi ku g punya arsipnya untung nemu di www.pendrivelinux.com, Semoga bermanfaat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alat dan Bahan :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   1. PC yang bisa booting lewat USB&lt;br /&gt;   2. CD-Blank&lt;br /&gt;   3. FlashDisk 1GB (direkomendasikan 2GB)&lt;br /&gt;   4. ISO Ubuntu 7.10, bisa didownload di http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.10/ubuntu-7.10-desktop-i386.iso&lt;br /&gt;   5. U710fix.tar, bisa di download di http://pendrivelinux.com/downloads/U710fix.zip&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Langkah-Langkah :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   1. Download ISO Ubuntu 7.10 terus burn ke CD-Blank&lt;br /&gt;   2. Masukan Live CD Ubuntu 7.10&lt;br /&gt;   3. Colokan/tancapkan FlashDisk ke CPU&lt;br /&gt;   4. Reboot PC, booting lewat Live CD&lt;br /&gt;   5. Buka terminal (masuk mode Console), ketik sudo su&lt;br /&gt;   6. Ketik fdisk -l untuk melihat semua partisi yang tersedia. (Cari letak FlasDisk kita, biasanya sebagai /dev/sda atau /dev/sdx, dengan x merupakan huruf FlasDisk kita, misal sdb, sdc, sdd, dst…)&lt;br /&gt;   7. Ketik umount /dev/sdx1&lt;br /&gt;   8. Ketik fdisk /dev/sdx&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol p untuk melihat partisi yang tersedia dan tombol d untuk menghapus partisi.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol p lagi untuk melihat partisi yang tersedia (kembali).&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol n untuk membuat partisi yang baru.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol p untuk menjadikannya sebagai partisi primer.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol 1 untuk menjadikannya sebagai partisi pertama.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan enter agar secara default menggunakan silinder pertama.&lt;br /&gt;          * ketik +750 untuk menentukan ukuran/besar partisi.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol a untuk menjadikanya sebagai partisi aktif.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol 1 untuk memilih partisi 1 (pertama).&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol t untuk merubah tipe filesystem partisi.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol 6 untuk memilih tipe FAT16.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol n untuk membuat partisi yang lain.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol p untuk menjadikannya sebagai partisi primer.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol 2untuk menjadikannya sebagai partisi kedua.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol enter agar secara default menggunakan silinder berikutnya.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol enter lagi agar secara default menggunakan silinder terakhir.&lt;br /&gt;          * tekan tombol w untuk mulai menuliskan partisi baru kedalam flashdisk.&lt;br /&gt;   9. Ketik umount /dev/sdx1 untuk meyakinkan bahwa partisi pertama tidak sedang di-mount-ing.&lt;br /&gt;  10. Ketik mkfs.vfat -F 16 -n ubuntu710 /dev/sdx1 untuk mem-format partisi pertama.&lt;br /&gt;  11. Ketik umount /dev/sdx2 untuk meyakinkan bahwa partisi kedua tidak sedang di-mount-ing.&lt;br /&gt;  12. Ketik mkfs.ext2 -b 4096 -L casper-rw /dev/sdx2 untuk mem-format partisi kedua.&lt;br /&gt;  13. Lepaskan Flashdisk dan tancapkan/colokan kembal.&lt;br /&gt;  14. Kembali ke termina, ketik apt-get update&lt;br /&gt;  15. Ketikapt-get install syslinux mtools&lt;br /&gt;  16. Ketik syslinux -sf /dev/sdx1&lt;br /&gt;  17. Ketik cd /cdrom&lt;br /&gt;  18. Ketik cp -rf casper disctree dists install pics pool preseed .disk isolinux/* md5sum.txt README.diskdefines ubuntu.ico casper/vmlinuz casper/initrd.gz /media/ubuntu710/&lt;br /&gt;          * abaikan apabila muncul pesan kesalahan : “cannot create symbolic link”&lt;br /&gt;  19. Ketik cd /home/ubuntu&lt;br /&gt;  20. Ketik wget pendrivelinux.com/downloads/U710fix.zip (untuk download U710fix.zip jika dah donlot langsung ke langkah berikutnya)&lt;br /&gt;  21. Ketik unzip -o -d /media/ubuntu710/ U710fix.zip&lt;br /&gt;  22. Restart komputer, konfigurasikan BIOS komputer agar bisa boot melalui USB device, restart lagi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   1. Type&lt;br /&gt;   2. Type wget pendrivelinux.com/downloads/U710fix.zip&lt;br /&gt;   3. Type&lt;br /&gt;   4. Restart your computer, set your BIOS or Boot menu to boot from the USB device and reboot again.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By:ISKANDAR, S.Pd, M.Pd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Catatan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika muncul masalah booting Ubuntu lewat Flashdisk, ada kemungkinan flashdisk kita adacorrupt di MBR-nya. Untuk ngatasinya, buka terminal/console ketik sudo apt-get install lilo kemudian ketik lilo -M /dev/sdx (dengan x adalah huruf Flashdisk kita).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-5563946326603344945?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/5563946326603344945/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=5563946326603344945&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/5563946326603344945'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/5563946326603344945'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/04/instalasi-ubuntu-710-di-flash-disk.html' title='INSTALASI UBUNTU 7.10 DI FLASH DISK'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-7079024155282745907</id><published>2008-03-27T22:52:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-03-27T23:52:55.740-07:00</updated><title type='text'>File Sharing Ubuntu dengan Windows</title><content type='html'>This brief tutorial will outline how to enable file sharing in Ubuntu. &lt;br /&gt;1. Sharing files and folders across your network from your Ubuntu PC is every bit as easy as sharing files in Windows (arguably, it’s easier). Start by right-clicking the folder you want to share, and select Share Folder. If the services required to share files/folders aren’t installed, you’ll be prompted to install them. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2. After clicking Install services they will automatically start to download and install. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;3. Once that has completed you’ll be presented with an options window. From here you can select the type of sharing (SMB or NFS), give the shared folder a name and decide if you want read-only access to the folder. Click OK when you’re done.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;4. If you right-click on your newly shared folder and select Properties and then the Emblems tab, you can give the folder a unique icon so you’ll know it’s shared. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;click to enlarge&lt;br /&gt;5. You can further modify the permissions of your shared folder by selecting the Permissions tab. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;click to enlarge&lt;br /&gt;6. Now open a terminal in Ubuntu and enter the command:&lt;br /&gt;sudo smbpasswd -a username &lt;br /&gt;This will add a SMB user. &lt;br /&gt;7. And now other computers can connect to your shared folder!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-7079024155282745907?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/7079024155282745907/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=7079024155282745907&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7079024155282745907'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7079024155282745907'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/03/file-sharing-ubuntu-dengan-windows.html' title='File Sharing Ubuntu dengan Windows'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-2038639936288263057</id><published>2008-02-28T01:39:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-02-28T01:48:40.223-08:00</updated><title type='text'>LOCAL AREA NETWORK  PREPARATION</title><content type='html'>Untuk membangun Suatu jaringan Local Area Network berbasis client-Server, anda perlu menyediakan peralatan yang menjamin keamanan data dan kehandalan  terutama untuk komputer yang digunakan sebagai server. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ruang Server &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Server merupakan gudang data sekaligus pengendali komunikasi data antar komputer yang terhubung ke jaringan. Karena itu anda perlu mempertimbangkan faktor keamanan dari gangguan lingkungan. Disarankan untuk menyediakan ruang khusus untuk penempatan server yang dilengkapi dengan fasilitas pendingin ruangan.Peranti keras yang diperlukan Komputer Server Server akan menjadi pusat kegiatan jaringan karena itu harus dipilih komputer yang mempunyai kemampuan yang memadai sehingga dapat melayani semua client yang terhubung di jaringan. Agar kinerja sistem berjalan secara makimal, perlu diperhatikan konfigurasi peranti keras komputer Server sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * CPU berbasis Pentium IV. Sebenarnya masih dapat menggunakan seri lebih rendah namun sangat tidak direkomendasikan. &lt;br /&gt;    * Memori minimal 256 MB (dianjurkan lebih besar)&lt;br /&gt;    * Harddisk minimal 20 GB&lt;br /&gt;    * Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)    (Opsi)&lt;br /&gt;    * CD ROM DriveSound Card  (Opsi)&lt;br /&gt;    * Ethernet Card (LAN Card) 10 atau 10/100 Mbps&lt;br /&gt;    * Keyboard &amp; Mouse&lt;br /&gt;    * Monitor SVGA&lt;br /&gt;    * Switct 10/100Modem (Opsi)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Persyaratan tersebut di atas telah merupakan standar minimal PC saat ini, jadi tidak ada yang spesial.&lt;br /&gt;Komputer ClientClient adalah komputer yang dijadikan workstation, jumlahnya disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan. Tidak ada batasan untuk jumlah client, namun jika jumlahnya lebih dari sepuluh komputer, sebaiknya memperbesar kemampuan Server terutama memori. Spesifikasi komputer client sebagai berikut :CPU berbasis Pentium I  atau lebih tinggi.Local Area Network (LAN)Untuk menghubungkan semua komputer yang akan digunakan pada sistem kloning diperlukan peralatan LAN (Local Area Network) yang terdiri atas Ethernet HUB, LAN Card, Kabel UTP dan Konektor RJ-45. Pembahasan mengenai LAN dapat dilihat pada bagian selanjutnya di buku ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perangkat LunakSystem Operasi JaringanSystem operasi jaringan yang terpopuler adalah Novel, Unix, Windows NT dan Linux. Dalam hal ini kita akan membahas system operasi jaringan Windows 2003 merupakan pengembangan dari Windows NT Server. Sistem operasi jaringan Windows yang menyediakan fasilitas Terminal Service adalah Windows NT 4.0 Terminal  Edition (TSE) dan Windows 2000 Server Family (Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advance Server, Windows 2000 Datacenter Server dan windows 2003 Server). Namun secara default belum terinstal kecuali jika Anda menambahkan fasilitas tersebut pada saat instalasi atau melalui Windows Components di Control Panel.Microsoft Windows 2003 Server adalah pengembangan dari Windows NT Server.  Berbagai kekurangan pada Windows NT Server diperbaiki dan dilengkapi dengan berbagai fiture baru  yang semakin sempurna dan service yang semakin lengkap.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://zulidamel.wordpress.com/2007/11/06/persiapan-instalasi-local-area-network/"&gt;Read MOre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-2038639936288263057?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/2038639936288263057/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=2038639936288263057&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/2038639936288263057'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/2038639936288263057'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/02/local-area-network-preparation.html' title='LOCAL AREA NETWORK  PREPARATION'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-8652677796619975472</id><published>2008-02-10T19:10:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-02-10T19:23:35.581-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Ubuntu Server Guide</title><content type='html'>Short Desciption: This chapter provides a quick overview of installing Ubuntu 6.10 Server ...&lt;br /&gt;Ubuntu 6.10 Server Edition supports three (3) major architectures: Intel x86, ...&lt;br /&gt;Content Inside: Ubuntu Server Guide Ubuntu Documentation Project  Ubuntu Server Guide by Ubuntu Documentation Project Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2006 Canonical Ltd. and members of the Ubuntu Documentation Project Abstract An introduction to installing and configuring server applications on Ubuntu. Credits and License The following Ubuntu Documentation Team authors maintain this document: · Bhuvaneswaran Arumugam The Ubuntu Server Guide is also based on the contributions of: · Robert Stoffers · Brian Shumate · Rocco Stanzione This document is made available under a dual license strategy that includes the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) and the Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.0 License (CC-BY-SA). You are free to modify, extend, and improve the Ubuntu documentation source code under the terms of these licenses. All derivative works must be released under either or both of these licenses. This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.acrobatfiles.com/red.php?i=2539&amp;user=iskandar"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download Tutorial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-8652677796619975472?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/8652677796619975472/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=8652677796619975472&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8652677796619975472'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8652677796619975472'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/02/ubuntu-server-guide.html' title='Ubuntu Server Guide'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-1828461538813813756</id><published>2008-01-31T17:41:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-31T17:45:45.530-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Free E-Book</title><content type='html'>If you want to increase your knowledge please open this website http://www.acrobatfiles.com. This contents fill e-book for information communication, automotive etc. &lt;br /&gt;otal: 40   Page 2 of 4 Pages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;download&lt;br /&gt;57&lt;br /&gt;times Cover of LAN/WAN Troubleshooting Network Design/Installation Expert PC ...LAN/WAN Troubleshooting Network Design/Installation Expert PC ...&lt;br /&gt;Home Network Installation/Configuration. Expert Novell NDS/Edir. Design and Repair.&lt;br /&gt;Web Site Design and Administration. Local Company with over 10 years of ...&lt;br /&gt;Resource:&lt;br /&gt;mywebpages.comcast.net&lt;br /&gt;Last download: 19 hours 29 minutes ago&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;download&lt;br /&gt;56&lt;br /&gt;times Cover of Integration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 802.11 WLAN network 1 ...Integration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 802.11 WLAN network 1 ...&lt;br /&gt;IEEE 802.11 wireless local access network (WLAN) through integration .... CTS/RTS mechanism, it is unlike 802.11 MAC would collapse in the HFR-WLAN network. ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resource:&lt;br /&gt;www.ee.ucl.ac.uk&lt;br /&gt;Last download: 1 week 1 day 5 hours 20 minutes ago&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;download&lt;br /&gt;47&lt;br /&gt;times Cover of Network Installation and Configuration Guide: Windows 2000, 2003 ...Network Installation and Configuration Guide: Windows 2000, 2003 ...&lt;br /&gt;Network Installation and Configuration Guide. 3 of 13. I. Document Purpose.&lt;br /&gt;The purpose of this document is to detail a step-by-step process of an ideal ...&lt;br /&gt;Resource:&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-1828461538813813756?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1828461538813813756/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=1828461538813813756&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1828461538813813756'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1828461538813813756'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/free-e-book.html' title='Free E-Book'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-6377233023311118816</id><published>2008-01-23T22:50:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-23T22:52:34.804-08:00</updated><title type='text'>UBUNTU NETWORKING SETUP</title><content type='html'>If you are new to networking the graphical configuration tool is your best method for configuring new hardware in Ubuntu.We are going to use GUI tool “network-admin” to configure networking. Remember, you must be root to run network-admin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are two ways to start network-admin first thing is you can use your terminal to type “sudo network-admin” it will start up or you can go to System—&gt;Administration —&gt;Networking&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Once it opens you should see the following screen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.debianadmin.com/ubuntu-networking-for-basic-and-advanced-users.html"&gt;fULL TUTORIAL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-6377233023311118816?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/6377233023311118816/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=6377233023311118816&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/6377233023311118816'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/6377233023311118816'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/ubuntu-networking-setup.html' title='UBUNTU NETWORKING SETUP'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-2379528983812253522</id><published>2008-01-23T22:28:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-23T22:30:02.950-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Building House with Box Modeling Using 3DSMAX 7</title><content type='html'>Hello everyone!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;here we will try to build a old looking building which is intended  pretty simple modeling method, specially designed for beginners and intermediate user can read it too, box modeling is one of old and common method of modelers and its still powerful method to model something inside any 3d package, when I was learning 3ds max after spending some time my teacher told me to model human figure he made the reference /images and asked me to start modeling, believe me it was my first attempt to model something and before this I never been done any thing, I start working and I was really confused I tried several methods no success, even I tried every thing and idea I had in my mind but still no success, in the meanwhile my teacher visited me and told a few steps and I start working again this time I was surprised of my speed, in few minutes I reached to her torso, and its called box modeling, I hope I am not talking too much sorry guys.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;before starting the tutorial I would like to mention, this tutorial is dedicated to www.3dkingdom.org one of my favorite websites in (Computer Graphics).   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ok guys lets start the lesson&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.3dk.org/tutorial/3ds-max-Building-House-with-Box-Modeling.html"&gt;Full Tutorial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-2379528983812253522?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/2379528983812253522/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=2379528983812253522&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/2379528983812253522'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/2379528983812253522'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/building-house-with-box-modeling-using.html' title='Building House with Box Modeling Using 3DSMAX 7'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-5424608039228637988</id><published>2008-01-23T22:21:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-23T22:23:07.469-08:00</updated><title type='text'>How To Set Up A Linux Network For DEBIAN 4.0</title><content type='html'>Before we get into setting up Linux networking on a Debian system, we'll cover the basics of how to set up a network with both Windows and Linux systems and how to make it a "private" network. Here the term "private" may not mean what you think it does. It has to do with the IP addresses you use on your home or business network. You'll then understand the value of having a proxy/NAT server or a firewall system which also performs the proxy/NAT function on your network.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Once we cover the "whys" and "whats" we'll get into the "hows". You'll see how easy it is to set up a home or small-business network including what hardware is needed. We'll briefly mention what you need to look at on Windows PCs and present more in-depth information on which files are used on a Debian system to set up networking. The Network Configuration Files section shows what files are involved in setting up your Debian system to work on a local network and how they need to be configured to enable the various functions involved in networking including being able to connect to the Internet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Note:  Even if you're not familier with TCP/IP networks, try giving the material on this page a shot. It's presented in an introductory manner. Don't be concerned if you don't understand all of the material on OSI layers, subnetting, etc. presented on this page. Understanding this material is not necessary when setting up a network or using the subsequent guide pages on this site. It is merely presented for those who wish more in-depth information.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Even if you don't have a network you can still play around with the material present on this page and on the Proxy/NAT and Firewall pages. See the No-Network Network section below on how to do this. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What's particularly appealing about Linux for small businesses and non-profit organizations is that you can set up both internal (file, print, database) servers, external Internet (Web, e-mail, ftp) servers, firewalls, and routers (yes, you can set up a Linux system to be a router too) for very little cost. The operating system and server applications are free and, given that Debian will run on older hardware, the hardware costs can be minimal. These attributes also make it a great toy for those wishing to learn more about networking. Pick up one CD set and you can set up all the Linux servers, firewalls, and routers you want and experiment your brains out.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/network.htm"&gt;Link Tutorial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-5424608039228637988?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/5424608039228637988/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=5424608039228637988&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/5424608039228637988'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/5424608039228637988'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/how-to-set-up-linux-network-for-debian.html' title='How To Set Up A Linux Network For DEBIAN 4.0'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-2910708257286509586</id><published>2008-01-23T21:58:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-23T22:00:44.160-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Introduction to Computer Networks</title><content type='html'>What can a Network do For You?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Introduction&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A computer network can be two computers connected:&lt;br /&gt;B.computer network can also consist of, and is usually made for, more than two computers:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Characteristics of a Computer Network&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The primary purpose of a computer network is to share resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * You can play a CD music from one computer while sitting on another computer&lt;br /&gt;    * You may have a computer with a CD writer or a backup system but the other computer doesn’t have it; In this case, you can burn CDs or make backups on a computer that has one of these but using data from a computer that doesn’t have a CD writer or a backup system&lt;br /&gt;    * You may have a computer that doesn’t have a DVD player. In this case, you can place a movie DVD on the computer that has a DVD player, and then view the movie on a computer that lacks a DVD player&lt;br /&gt;    * You can connect a printer (or a scanner, or a fax machine) to one computer and let other computers of the network print (or scan, or fax) to that printer (or scanner, or fax machine)&lt;br /&gt;    * You can place a CD with pictures on one computer and let other computers access those pictures&lt;br /&gt;    * You can create files and store them in one computer, then access those files from the other computer(s) connected to it&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.functionx.com/networking/Lesson01.htm"&gt;Link Tutorial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-2910708257286509586?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/2910708257286509586/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=2910708257286509586&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/2910708257286509586'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/2910708257286509586'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/introduction-to-computer-networks.html' title='Introduction to Computer Networks'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-4459240493156343252</id><published>2008-01-21T20:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-21T20:23:25.479-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Depth of the Field (The Cheapskate Way) 3D Smax Tutorial</title><content type='html'>Depth of field is an expensive thing to render when its done 'Properly'. The most common (and most effective) method of attaining expensive looking depth without actually investing rendering time to it is to render off various objects in your scene according to their distance from the camera, and hence you can apply varying levels of blur in post.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The above method is fine, but is limited to certain types of scenes. So this tutorial deals with blurring using a Z-Depth, manually.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This tutorial does not cover how to do this in Combustion since its own manuals are more than sufficient. This tutorial assumes you're compositing with Shake, and also provides 'Practical Theory' for how to perform the same task in Photoshop&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.tutorialized.com/view/tutorial/Post-Depth-of-Field/31765"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;link tutorial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-4459240493156343252?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/4459240493156343252/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=4459240493156343252&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/4459240493156343252'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/4459240493156343252'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/depth-of-field-cheapskate-way-3d-smax.html' title='Depth of the Field (The Cheapskate Way) 3D Smax Tutorial'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-5190722433106902306</id><published>2008-01-16T17:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-16T18:02:52.469-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Editing Halaman Web Menggunakan Dreamweaver</title><content type='html'>Ada sebagian web designer dalam membuat situs professional tidak memanfaatkan Adobe Photoshop dalam merancang web, padahal dengan software tersebut kita akan lebih mudah dan lebih praktis dibandingkan harus membuat kode html.&lt;br /&gt;Ketika dokumen Adobe Photoshop (download: situs_bisnis.zip) tersimpan dalam bentuk web maka secara otomatis akan membuat tag html sendiri sehingga tidak perlu bersusah payah mengetik kode html. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ictcenter_smknpungging/Files/Multimedia"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Full Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-5190722433106902306?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/5190722433106902306/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=5190722433106902306&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/5190722433106902306'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/5190722433106902306'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/editing-halaman-web-menggunakan.html' title='Editing Halaman Web Menggunakan Dreamweaver'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-9156771958000519323</id><published>2008-01-15T19:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-15T21:13:11.249-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Video Editing Dengan Adobe Primer Pro</title><content type='html'>Adobe Premiere Pro merupakan software editing video digital yang diproduksi oleh Adobe System Inc. Program ini digunakan dalam proses paska produksi (post production) untuk mengolah video digital hasil shooting dengan menggunakan komputer yang kemudian didistribusikan ke dalam format VCD maupun DVD. Buku Elektronik “Capturing dan Editing Video dengan Adobe Premiere Pro beserta Tip dan Triknya” ini memberikan bimbingan kepada Anda untuk menggunakan program aplikasi Adobe Premiere Pro dengan contoh latihan yang sering digunakan dalam proses pengolahan digital video, seperti proses capture, editing, visual effects, animasi keyframe, titling, rendering serta tips dan trik tingkat lanjut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://gratisisme.wordpress.com/2006/07/25/ebook-adobe-premiere-pro-gratis-dari-belajarsendiricom/"&gt;Download Tutorial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-9156771958000519323?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/9156771958000519323/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=9156771958000519323&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/9156771958000519323'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/9156771958000519323'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/video-editing-dengan-adobe-primer-pro.html' title='Video Editing Dengan Adobe Primer Pro'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-1473193921033625583</id><published>2008-01-11T19:33:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-11T19:42:57.054-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Web Design With Adobephotoshop</title><content type='html'>Not to be overly dramatic, but the World Wide Web is one of modern society’s sterling achievements.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It’s everywhere — from the home to the classroom. We use it to communicate at work or to waste some hours playing at night. The World Wide Web’s something that’s always there — accessible 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The World Wide Web never sleeps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The beginnings of this technological marvel are humbling. A group of bookish and serious engineers, wishing to exchange information more effectively, designed the World Wide Web in the late 1980s and early 1990s.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The concerns of these early engineers were about function — not necessarily form. On occasion, one of them might add a horizontal bar to separate sections of a document. However, these engineers mostly stuck with simple white or gray web pages that used black text.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Want an idea of how far we’ve come? Check out an early HTML document from The Simple Times newsletter, pictured in Figure 1-1. It dates from 1992. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Figure 1-1: An example of an early web page &lt;br /&gt;Eventually, more and more users came to use the World Wide Web. Creative types and designers wanted more control over the format of web pages. In a response to these demands, the web transformed from a stale message board to a flowering communication entity unimagined by those first architects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To design for the web effectively, you must bring to the table both creative flair and technical savvy. You must know how to make a page appealing without distracting from its message. You must know how to provide images that are interesting, and yet won’t take minutes to view. These and other ideas are what you’ll discover in this book.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Take a look at Figure 1-2 to see how far we’ve come in the past decade. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Figure 1-2: An example of the graphical nature of the World Wid&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ictcenter_smknpungging/files/Multimedia"&gt;Download Tutorial Link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-1473193921033625583?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1473193921033625583/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=1473193921033625583&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1473193921033625583'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1473193921033625583'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/web-design-with-adobephotoshop.html' title='Web Design With Adobephotoshop'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-7332705624589375379</id><published>2008-01-07T20:09:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-07T20:16:33.066-08:00</updated><title type='text'>THE PERFECT SERVER FOR DEBIAN 4.0</title><content type='html'>This tutorial shows how to set up a Debian Etch (Debian 4.0) based server that offers all services needed by ISPs and hosters: Apache web server (SSL-capable), Postfix mail server with SMTP-AUTH and TLS, BIND DNS server, Proftpd FTP server, MySQL server, Courier POP3/IMAP, Quota, Firewall, etc. This tutorial is written for the 32-bit version of Debian Etch, but should apply to the 64-bit version with very little modifications as well.&lt;br /&gt;I will use the following software:&lt;br /&gt;• Web Server: Apache 2.2&lt;br /&gt;• Database Server: MySQL 5.0&lt;br /&gt;• Mail Server: Postfix&lt;br /&gt;• DNS Server: BIND9&lt;br /&gt;• FTP Server: proftpd&lt;br /&gt;• POP3/IMAP: I will use Maildir format and therefore install Courier-POP3/Courier-IMAP.&lt;br /&gt;• Webalizer for web site statistics&lt;br /&gt;In the end you should have a system that works reliably, and if you like you can install the free webhosting control panel ISPConfig (i.e., ISPConfig runs on it out of the box).&lt;br /&gt;I want to say first that this is not the only way of setting up such a system. There are many ways of achieving this goal but this is the way I take. I do not issue any guarantee that this will work for you&lt;a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ictcenter_smknpungging/files/Komputer%20Jaringan/"&gt;!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download Artikel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-7332705624589375379?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/7332705624589375379/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=7332705624589375379&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7332705624589375379'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7332705624589375379'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/perfect-server-for-debian-40.html' title='THE PERFECT SERVER FOR DEBIAN 4.0'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-1589210240581473318</id><published>2008-01-07T19:18:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-07T19:25:11.740-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Membuat Web Foto Galery dengan Adobephotoshop CS3</title><content type='html'>Kita sering melihat web photo gallery begitu manisnya tertampil di halaman web, ada yang statis tanpa animasi, namun ada juga yang menggunakan animasi flash agar tampak lebih ciamik, mungkin sebagian dari kita akan berpikir, Hmmm….pasti sulit ya membuat web photo gallery seperti itu.&lt;br /&gt;Anda mungkin akan berubah pikiran karena dengan bantuan adobe photoshop CS3 kita dapat dengan mudah membuat web photo gallery semudah menghitung 1,2,3.&lt;br /&gt;Bahkan CS3 sendiri sudah menyertakan template style yang cukup manis dan ada juga yang sudah ber-flash. mau tau caranya, silahkan baca artikel singkat ini selanjutnya&lt;a href="http://ilmukomputer.com/2007/12/24/membuat-web-photo-gallery-dengan-adobe-photoshop-cs3/"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download Artikel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-1589210240581473318?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1589210240581473318/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=1589210240581473318&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1589210240581473318'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1589210240581473318'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/membuat-web-foto-galery-dengan.html' title='Membuat Web Foto Galery dengan Adobephotoshop CS3'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-8785359589535125644</id><published>2008-01-05T20:20:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-05T21:03:18.412-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Membuat Iklan Produk dengan 3d Smax</title><content type='html'>Iklan menjadi sarana yang vital sebagai media promosi suatu produk dari sebuah perusahaan, apalagi bila disajikan dengan menarik dan dinamis. Banyak faktor yang dapat membuat sebuah iklan menarik dan terlihat dinamis, seperti faktor imajinatif, dimana sebuah ketidakmungkinan dapat terjadi dan faktor kreatifitas, yang memungkinkan sebuah alur cerita iklan bergerak dan tidak monoton.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Untuk mampu mewujudkan kondisi tersebut, sangat tidak memungkinkan bagi production house, sebagai pembuat materi iklan, untuk merealisasikan tanpa bantuan sebuah perangkat komputer dan sistem aplikasinya. Bagaimana mungkin sebuah iklan produk mampu berjalan, menari dan melompat dengan sendirinya, apalagi mampu berbicara layaknya manusia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saat ini telah banyak sistem aplikasi yang dikembangkan untuk membuat sebuah produk secara 3 dimensi, baik bentuk, gerak dan suara dapat disatukan dalam sistem aplikasi ini. Untuk bahasan kali ini akan digunakan sistem aplikasi/software pencitraan 3 dimensi yaitu 3DStudio Max, dengan release versi 6, software pengolah foto yaitu photoshop dan software design grafis yaitu corel draw. Namun fokus pembahasan akan ditujukan terhadap aplikasi sistem 3Dstudio Max,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://ilmukomputer.com/2006/09/11/membuat-iklan-produk-dengan-3dmax/"&gt;Tutorial download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-8785359589535125644?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/8785359589535125644/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=8785359589535125644&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8785359589535125644'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8785359589535125644'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/membuat-iklan-produk-dengan-3d-smax.html' title='Membuat Iklan Produk dengan 3d Smax'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-1154520889401479318</id><published>2008-01-04T22:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-04T22:56:39.479-08:00</updated><title type='text'>CONFIGURASI VGA CARD INTEL GRAPHICMEDIA ACCELERATOR 950 PADA UBUNTU 7.10</title><content type='html'>First, as root, install 915resolution with the following command:&lt;br /&gt;apt-get install 915resolution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now you will need to configure the settings to match your monitor's native resolution. Edit the file /etc/default/915resolution with your favourite editor. You can use this line below to launch the editor:&lt;br /&gt;gedit /etc/default/915resolution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Change the contents of this file to match below, changing the XRESO and YRESO to match your display's resolution:&lt;br /&gt;mode=3c&lt;br /&gt;XRESO=1280&lt;br /&gt;YRESO=800&lt;br /&gt;BIT=32&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reboot your system and you should now be able to use the resolution &lt;br /&gt;you entered.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.linlap.com/wiki"&gt;Tutorial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-1154520889401479318?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1154520889401479318/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=1154520889401479318&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1154520889401479318'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1154520889401479318'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2008/01/configurasi-vga-card-intel-graphicmedia.html' title='CONFIGURASI VGA CARD INTEL GRAPHICMEDIA ACCELERATOR 950 PADA UBUNTU 7.10'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-7570755301609295161</id><published>2007-12-30T21:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-30T21:14:02.991-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Otomasi Instalasi Sistem Operasi Lewat Jaringan</title><content type='html'>Banyak diantara kita yang masih melakukan penginstalan sistem operasi secara manual, baik lewat CD, Floppy, harddisk, dll. Teknisi harus mendatangi secara fisik ke lokasi komputernya dan menginstalnya disana. Cara ini dikenal sebagai ‘Sneaker-Net’.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kalau kita hanya mengelola komputer kurang dari 5 cara ‘Sneaker-Net’ masih bisa dilakukan. Bila jumlah komputernya cukup banyak, misalnya di pusat data (data center), perkantoran, perguruan tinggi, dll maka akan membutuhkan banyak sekali waktu dan tenaga hanya untuk menginstal sistem operasinya dan karena penginstalannya dilakukan secara manual, teknisi harus mengetik data-data yang diminta pada waktu menginstal. Dengan cara pemasukan data secara manual ini, bila teknisi diharuskan menginstal 10 komputer atau lebih (berulang-ulang 10 kali), maka akan cenderung untuk melakukan kesalahan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Otomasi instalasi sistem operasi lewat jaringan akan sangat menghemat waktu dan mengurangi tingkat kesalahan. Data-data yang harus dimasukkan pada waktu menginstal sudah dipersiapkan sebelumnya dan disimpan di server. Instalasi dapat dilakukan berulang-ulang dan hasilnya akan sama (konsisten).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dokumen ini tidak dibatasi hanya untuk satu jenis sistem operasi saja tetapi terbuka untuk mengakomodasi lebih dari satu sistem operasi. Di dokumen ini akan dibahas otomasi instalasi sistem operasi untuk: Fedora Core 4, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) Enterprise Server (ES) 4, SUSE Linux Profesional 9.3, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 9 dan Solaris 10. Sistem operasi yang lain bisa ditambahkan kemudian bila diperlukan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Biasanya kita memerlukan satu server (kickstart, autoyast, atau jumpstart) untuk menginstal satu jenis sistem operasi. Bila kita ingin mempunyai server kickstart, autoyast dan jumpstart berarti harus mempunyai 3 (tiga) server. Dalam dokumen ini server-server itu akan dikonsolidasikan menjadi satu. Jadi dari satu fisik server bisa menginstal lebih dari satu sistem operasi. Secara ekonomi akan menghemat biaya untuk pembelian perangkat keras untuk server.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Topik yang ditekankan dalam dokumen ini adalah OTOMASI dan KONSOLIDASI SERVER.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://ilmukomputer.com/2007/12/17/otomasi-instalasi-sistem-operasi-lewat-jaringan/"&gt;Download lengkap Disini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-7570755301609295161?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/7570755301609295161/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=7570755301609295161&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7570755301609295161'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7570755301609295161'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/12/otomasi-instalasi-sistem-operasi-lewat.html' title='Otomasi Instalasi Sistem Operasi Lewat Jaringan'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-3426756127219034117</id><published>2007-12-25T20:53:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-25T20:55:45.410-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Proxy Server Ubuntu #1</title><content type='html'>Panduan ini akan terdiri dari beberapa bagian :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   1. Setup manual proxy&lt;br /&gt;   2. Setup transparent proxy&lt;br /&gt;   3. Firewalling&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Uji coba dilakukan dengan mesin P3 600, RAM 128 MB dan distro Ubuntu Server 7.04. Jika uji coba ini diterapkan secara real dengan user yang cukup besar akan lebih baik jika hardware menggunakan spek yang lebih tinggi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Asumsi :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;eth0 : 10.25.10.250&lt;br /&gt;eth1 : 192.168.0.250&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    $ sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces&lt;br /&gt;    auto lo&lt;br /&gt;    iface lo inet loopback&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    # The primary network interface&lt;br /&gt;    auto eth0&lt;br /&gt;    iface eth0 inet static&lt;br /&gt;    address 10.25.10.250&lt;br /&gt;    netmask 255.255.255.0&lt;br /&gt;    network 10.25.10.0&lt;br /&gt;    broadcast 10.25.10.255&lt;br /&gt;    gateway 10.25.10.3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    auto eth1&lt;br /&gt;    iface eth1 inet static&lt;br /&gt;    address 192.168.0.250&lt;br /&gt;    netmask 255.255.255.0&lt;br /&gt;    network 192.168.0.0&lt;br /&gt;    broadcast 192.168.0.255&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Asumsi diatas adalah semua iface menggunakan ip lokal namun jika menggunakan ip publik langsung saja ganti iface eth0 dengan ip publik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bagian #1 - Manual Proxy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instal squid, mulai dari Ubuntu 6.10 Squid 2.5 sudah digantikan dengan Squid 2.6 dan akan ada sedikit perbedaan konfigurasi khususnya pada bagian transparent proxy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    $ sudo apt-get install squid&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lakukan filter terhadap komentar yang ada di squid.conf.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    $ sudo cat /etc/squid/squid.conf | sed ‘/ *#/d; /^ *$/d’ &gt;/etc/squid/squid.conf.bak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    $ sudo cat /etc/squid/squid.conf.bak &gt; /etc/squid/squid.conf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konfigurasi squid dengan menambahkan baris yang berhuruf tebal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    $ sudo vim /etc/squid/squid.conf&lt;br /&gt;    http_port 3128&lt;br /&gt;    hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ?&lt;br /&gt;    acl QUERY urlpath_regex cgi-bin \?&lt;br /&gt;    cache deny QUERY&lt;br /&gt;    acl apache rep_header Server ^Apache&lt;br /&gt;    broken_vary_encoding allow apache&lt;br /&gt;    access_log /var/log/squid/access.log squid&lt;br /&gt;    hosts_file /etc/hosts&lt;br /&gt;    refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080&lt;br /&gt;    refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440&lt;br /&gt;    refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0&lt;br /&gt;    acl manager proto cache_object&lt;br /&gt;    acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/255.255.255.255&lt;br /&gt;    acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8&lt;br /&gt;    acl SSL_ports port 443 # https&lt;br /&gt;    acl SSL_ports port 563 # snews&lt;br /&gt;    acl SSL_ports port 873 # rsync&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 80 # http&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 443 # https&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 631 # cups&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 873 # rsync&lt;br /&gt;    acl Safe_ports port 901 # SWAT&lt;br /&gt;    acl purge method PURGE&lt;br /&gt;    acl CONNECT method CONNECT&lt;br /&gt;    http_access allow manager localhost&lt;br /&gt;    http_access deny manager&lt;br /&gt;    http_access allow purge localhost&lt;br /&gt;    http_access deny purge&lt;br /&gt;    http_access deny !Safe_ports&lt;br /&gt;    http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports&lt;br /&gt;    http_access allow localhost&lt;br /&gt;    acl myLAN src 192.168.0.0/24&lt;br /&gt;    http_access allow myLAN&lt;br /&gt;    http_access deny all&lt;br /&gt;    http_reply_access allow all&lt;br /&gt;    icp_access allow all&lt;br /&gt;    visible_hostname www.slc.web.id&lt;br /&gt;    cache_effective_group proxy&lt;br /&gt;    coredump_dir /var/spool/squid&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika squid sudah di konfigurasi dengan benar, maka jika service squid di restart akan tampak seperti dibawah ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    $ sudo /etc/init.d/squid restart&lt;br /&gt;    * Restarting Squid HTTP proxy squid * Creating squid spool directory structure&lt;br /&gt;    2004/08/28 11:04:00| Creating Swap Directories&lt;br /&gt;    [ OK ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Selanjutnya set proxy di browser client ke alamat 192.168.0.250 dengan port 3128, dan lakukan browsing. Kemudian cek log squid, jika terdapat log seperti dibawah ini berarti squid sudah berjalan normal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    $ sudo tail -f /var/log/squid/access.log&lt;br /&gt;    1188188452.488 1390 192.168.0.230 TCP_MISS/301 562 GET http://google.com/ - DIRECT/72.14.207.99 text/html&lt;br /&gt;    1188188454.549 2042 192.168.0.230 TCP_MISS/302 552 GET http://www.google.com/ - DIRECT/64.233.189.104 text/html&lt;br /&gt;    1188188456.078 1515 192.168.0.230 TCP_MISS/200 1684 GET http://www.google.co.id/ - DIRECT/64.233.189.104 text/htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dari log diatas dapat dilihat bahwa client dengan ip address 192.168.0.230 sedang mengakses google.com. Sampai disini setup bagian #1 setup manual proxy selesai.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-3426756127219034117?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/3426756127219034117/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=3426756127219034117&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/3426756127219034117'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/3426756127219034117'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/12/proxy-server-ubuntu-1.html' title='Proxy Server Ubuntu #1'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-4853811849318694829</id><published>2007-12-21T19:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-21T19:06:41.630-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Membuat Presentasi dengan Macromedia Flash MX2004</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Presentasi merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi kita. Sebelumnya apabila kita akan melakukan presentasi maka pikiran kita akan menuju ke powerpoint yang merupakan product dari microsoft. Ada beberapa tips dan trik apabila kita ingin membuat presentasi menggunakan macromedia flash MX 2004. Silahka&lt;/span&gt;n &lt;a href="http://ilmukomputer.com/2006/10/18/membuat-presentasi-menarik-dengan-flash-mx-2004/"&gt;download disini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-4853811849318694829?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/4853811849318694829/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=4853811849318694829&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/4853811849318694829'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/4853811849318694829'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/12/membuat-presentasi-dengan-macromedia.html' title='Membuat Presentasi dengan Macromedia Flash MX2004'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-1743160189750123314</id><published>2007-12-21T18:43:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-21T18:45:04.608-08:00</updated><title type='text'>The Perfect Server - Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon (Ubuntu 7.10)</title><content type='html'>Submitted by falko (Contact Author) (Forums) on Thu, 2007-10-18 13:25. :: &lt;br /&gt;4 Enable The root Account&lt;br /&gt;After the reboot you can login with your previously created username (e.g. administrator). Because we must run all the steps from this tutorial as root user, we must enable the root account now.&lt;br /&gt;Run&lt;br /&gt;sudo passwd root&lt;br /&gt;and give root a password. Afterwards we become root by running&lt;br /&gt;su&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;5 Install The SSH Server (Optional) &lt;br /&gt;If you did not install the OpenSSH server during the system installation, you can do it now: &lt;br /&gt;apt-get install ssh openssh-server&lt;br /&gt;From now on you can use an SSH client such as PuTTY and connect from your workstation to your Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon server and follow the remaining steps from this tutorial. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;6 Install vim-full (Optional)&lt;br /&gt;I'll use vi as my text editor in this tutorial. The default vi program has some strange behaviour on Ubuntu and Debian; to fix this, we install vim-full: &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;apt-get install vim-full&lt;br /&gt;(You don't have to do this if you use a different text editor such as joe or nano.)&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;7 Configure The Network&lt;br /&gt;Because the Ubuntu installer has configured our system to get its network settings via DHCP, we have to change that now because a server should have a static IP address. Edit /etc/network/interfaces and adjust it to your needs (in this example setup I will use the IP address 192.168.0.100): &lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/network/interfaces&lt;br /&gt;# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system&lt;br /&gt;# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# The loopback network interface&lt;br /&gt;auto lo&lt;br /&gt;iface lo inet loopback&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# The primary network interface&lt;br /&gt;auto eth0&lt;br /&gt;iface eth0 inet static&lt;br /&gt;        address 192.168.0.100&lt;br /&gt;        netmask 255.255.255.0&lt;br /&gt;        network 192.168.0.0&lt;br /&gt;        broadcast 192.168.0.255&lt;br /&gt;        gateway 192.168.0.1&lt;br /&gt;Then restart your network: &lt;br /&gt;/etc/init.d/networking restart&lt;br /&gt;Then edit /etc/hosts. Make it look like this:&lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/hosts&lt;br /&gt;127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain   localhost&lt;br /&gt;192.168.0.100   server1.example.com     server1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts&lt;br /&gt;::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback&lt;br /&gt;fe00::0 ip6-localnet&lt;br /&gt;ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix&lt;br /&gt;ff02::1 ip6-allnodes&lt;br /&gt;ff02::2 ip6-allrouters&lt;br /&gt;ff02::3 ip6-allhosts&lt;br /&gt;Now run&lt;br /&gt;echo server1.example.com &gt; /etc/hostname&lt;br /&gt;/etc/init.d/hostname.sh start&lt;br /&gt;Afterwards, run&lt;br /&gt;hostname&lt;br /&gt;hostname -f&lt;br /&gt;Both should show server1.example.com now. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;8 Edit /etc/apt/sources.list And Update Your Linux Installation&lt;br /&gt;Edit /etc/apt/sources.list. Comment out or remove the installation CD from the file and make sure that the universe and multiverse repositories are enabled. It should look like this: &lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/apt/sources.list&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 7.10 _Gutsy Gibbon_ - Release i386 (20071016)]/ gutsy main restricted&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 7.10 _Gutsy Gibbon_ - Release i386 (20071016)]/ gutsy main restricted&lt;br /&gt;# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to&lt;br /&gt;# newer versions of the distribution.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted&lt;br /&gt;deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the&lt;br /&gt;## distribution.&lt;br /&gt;deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted&lt;br /&gt;deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu&lt;br /&gt;## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to&lt;br /&gt;## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in&lt;br /&gt;## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security&lt;br /&gt;## team.&lt;br /&gt;deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe&lt;br /&gt;deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe&lt;br /&gt;deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe&lt;br /&gt;deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu&lt;br /&gt;## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to&lt;br /&gt;## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in&lt;br /&gt;## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu&lt;br /&gt;## security team.&lt;br /&gt;deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'&lt;br /&gt;## repository.&lt;br /&gt;## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as&lt;br /&gt;## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes&lt;br /&gt;## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.&lt;br /&gt;## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review&lt;br /&gt;## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.&lt;br /&gt;# deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;# deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's&lt;br /&gt;## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is&lt;br /&gt;## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu&lt;br /&gt;## users.&lt;br /&gt;# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner&lt;br /&gt;# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted&lt;br /&gt;deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted&lt;br /&gt;deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe&lt;br /&gt;deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe&lt;br /&gt;deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse&lt;br /&gt;deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse&lt;br /&gt;Then run&lt;br /&gt;apt-get update&lt;br /&gt;to update the apt package database and &lt;br /&gt;apt-get upgrade&lt;br /&gt;to install the latest updates (if there are any). &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;9 Change The Default Shell&lt;br /&gt;/bin/sh is a symlink to /bin/dash, however we need /bin/bash, not /bin/dash. Therefore we do this:&lt;br /&gt;ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh&lt;br /&gt;If you don't do this, the ISPConfig installation will fail. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;0 Install Some Software&lt;br /&gt;Now we install a few packages that are needed later on. Run &lt;br /&gt;apt-get install binutils cpp fetchmail flex gcc libarchive-zip-perl libc6-dev libcompress-zlib-perl libdb4.3-dev libpcre3 libpopt-dev lynx m4 make ncftp nmap openssl perl perl-modules unzip zip zlib1g-dev autoconf automake1.9 libtool bison autotools-dev g++ build-essential&lt;br /&gt;(This command must go into one line!) &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;11 Quota&lt;br /&gt;(If you have chosen a different partitioning scheme than I did, you must adjust this chapter so that quota applies to the partitions where you need it.) &lt;br /&gt;To install quota, run &lt;br /&gt;apt-get install quota&lt;br /&gt;Edit /etc/fstab. Mine looks like this (I added ,usrquota,grpquota to the partition with the mount point /): &lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/fstab&lt;br /&gt;# /etc/fstab: static file system information.&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;# &lt;file system&gt; &lt;mount point&gt;   &lt;type&gt;  &lt;options&gt;       &lt;dump&gt;  &lt;pass&gt;&lt;br /&gt;proc            /proc           proc    defaults        0       0&lt;br /&gt;# /dev/sda1&lt;br /&gt;UUID=9fc157ff-975c-4f20-9fef-6a70085abdbd /               ext3    defaults,errors=remount-ro,usrquota,grpquota 0       1&lt;br /&gt;# /dev/sda5&lt;br /&gt;UUID=48fb7dd8-f099-4d63-ac1b-30e886ac7436 none            swap    sw              0       0&lt;br /&gt;/dev/scd0       /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec 0       0&lt;br /&gt;/dev/fd0        /media/floppy0  auto    rw,user,noauto,exec 0       0&lt;br /&gt;To enable quota, run these commands:&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt; touch /quota.user /quota.group&lt;br /&gt;chmod 600 /quota.*&lt;br /&gt;mount -o remount /&lt;br /&gt;quotacheck -avugm&lt;br /&gt;quotaon -avug&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;12 DNS Server&lt;br /&gt;Run&lt;br /&gt;apt-get install bind9&lt;br /&gt;For security reasons we want to run BIND chrooted so we have to do the following steps: &lt;br /&gt;/etc/init.d/bind9 stop&lt;br /&gt;Edit the file /etc/default/bind9 so that the daemon will run as the unprivileged user bind, chrooted to /var/lib/named. Modify the line: OPTIONS="-u bind" so that it reads OPTIONS="-u bind -t /var/lib/named":&lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/default/bind9&lt;br /&gt;OPTIONS="-u bind -t /var/lib/named"&lt;br /&gt;# Set RESOLVCONF=no to not run resolvconf&lt;br /&gt;RESOLVCONF=yes&lt;br /&gt;Create the necessary directories under /var/lib: &lt;br /&gt;mkdir -p /var/lib/named/etc&lt;br /&gt;mkdir /var/lib/named/dev&lt;br /&gt;mkdir -p /var/lib/named/var/cache/bind&lt;br /&gt;mkdir -p /var/lib/named/var/run/bind/run&lt;br /&gt;Then move the config directory from /etc to /var/lib/named/etc:&lt;br /&gt;mv /etc/bind /var/lib/named/etc&lt;br /&gt;Create a symlink to the new config directory from the old location (to avoid problems when bind gets updated in the future): &lt;br /&gt;ln -s /var/lib/named/etc/bind /etc/bind&lt;br /&gt;Make null and random devices, and fix permissions of the directories: &lt;br /&gt;mknod /var/lib/named/dev/null c 1 3&lt;br /&gt;mknod /var/lib/named/dev/random c 1 8&lt;br /&gt;chmod 666 /var/lib/named/dev/null /var/lib/named/dev/random&lt;br /&gt;chown -R bind:bind /var/lib/named/var/*&lt;br /&gt;chown -R bind:bind /var/lib/named/etc/bind&lt;br /&gt;We need to modify /etc/default/syslogd so that we can still get important messages logged to the system logs. Modify the line: SYSLOGD="" so that it reads: SYSLOGD="-a /var/lib/named/dev/log":&lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/default/syslogd&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;# Top configuration file for syslogd&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;# Full documentation of possible arguments are found in the manpage&lt;br /&gt;# syslogd(8).&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;# For remote UDP logging use SYSLOGD="-r"&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;SYSLOGD="-a /var/lib/named/dev/log"&lt;br /&gt;Restart the logging daemon: &lt;br /&gt;/etc/init.d/sysklogd restart&lt;br /&gt;Start up BIND, and check /var/log/syslog for errors:&lt;br /&gt;/etc/init.d/bind9 start&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;13 MySQL&lt;br /&gt;In order to install MySQL, we run &lt;br /&gt;apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client libmysqlclient15-dev&lt;br /&gt;You will be asked to provide a password for the MySQL root user - this password is valid for the user root@localhost as well as root@server1.example.com, so we don't have to specify a MySQL root password manually later on (as was the case with previous Ubuntu versions):&lt;br /&gt;New password for the MySQL "root" user: &lt;-- yourrootsqlpassword &lt;br /&gt;We want MySQL to listen on all interfaces, not just localhost, therefore we edit /etc/mysql/my.cnf and comment out the line bind-address = 127.0.0.1:&lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on&lt;br /&gt;# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.&lt;br /&gt;#bind-address           = 127.0.0.1&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;Then we restart MySQL:&lt;br /&gt;/etc/init.d/mysql restart&lt;br /&gt;Now check that networking is enabled. Run &lt;br /&gt;netstat -tap | grep mysql&lt;br /&gt;The output should look like this: &lt;br /&gt;root@server1:~# netstat -tap | grep mysql&lt;br /&gt;tcp        0      0 *:mysql                 *:*                     LISTEN     5286/mysqld&lt;br /&gt;root@server1:~#&lt;br /&gt;14 Postfix With SMTP-AUTH And TLS&lt;br /&gt;In order to install Postfix with SMTP-AUTH and TLS do the following steps: &lt;br /&gt;apt-get install postfix libsasl2-2 sasl2-bin libsasl2-modules libdb3-util procmail&lt;br /&gt;You will be asked two questions. Answer as follows:&lt;br /&gt;General type of mail configuration: &lt;-- Internet Site&lt;br /&gt;System mail name: &lt;-- server1.example.com&lt;br /&gt;Then run&lt;br /&gt;dpkg-reconfigure postfix&lt;br /&gt;Again, you'll be asked some questions:&lt;br /&gt;General type of mail configuration: &lt;-- Internet Site&lt;br /&gt;System mail name: &lt;-- server1.example.com&lt;br /&gt;Root and postmaster mail recipient: &lt;-- [blank]&lt;br /&gt;Other destinations to accept mail for (blank for none): &lt;-- server1.example.com, localhost.example.com, localhost.localdomain, localhost&lt;br /&gt;Force synchronous updates on mail queue? &lt;-- No&lt;br /&gt;Local networks: &lt;-- 127.0.0.0/8&lt;br /&gt;Use procmail for local delivery? &lt;-- Yes&lt;br /&gt;Mailbox size limit: &lt;-- 0&lt;br /&gt;Local address extension character: &lt;-- +&lt;br /&gt;Internet protocols to use: &lt;-- all&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt; Next, do this:&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtpd_sasl_local_domain ='&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'inet_interfaces = all'&lt;br /&gt;echo 'pwcheck_method: saslauthd' &gt;&gt; /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf&lt;br /&gt;echo 'mech_list: plain login' &gt;&gt; /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf&lt;br /&gt;Afterwards we create the certificates for TLS: &lt;br /&gt;mkdir /etc/postfix/ssl&lt;br /&gt;cd /etc/postfix/ssl/&lt;br /&gt;openssl genrsa -des3 -rand /etc/hosts -out smtpd.key 1024&lt;br /&gt;chmod 600 smtpd.key&lt;br /&gt;openssl req -new -key smtpd.key -out smtpd.csr&lt;br /&gt;openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in smtpd.csr -signkey smtpd.key -out smtpd.crt&lt;br /&gt;openssl rsa -in smtpd.key -out smtpd.key.unencrypted&lt;br /&gt;mv -f smtpd.key.unencrypted smtpd.key&lt;br /&gt;openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650&lt;br /&gt;Next we configure Postfix for TLS (make sure that you use the correct hostname for myhostname): &lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'myhostname = server1.example.com'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_auth_only = no'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtp_use_tls = yes'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtpd_use_tls = yes'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.key'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.crt'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/ssl/cacert.pem'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_received_header = yes'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom'&lt;br /&gt;The file /etc/postfix/main.cf should now look like this: &lt;br /&gt;cat /etc/postfix/main.cf&lt;br /&gt;# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# Debian specific:  Specifying a file name will cause the first&lt;br /&gt;# line of that file to be used as the name.  The Debian default&lt;br /&gt;# is /etc/mailname.&lt;br /&gt;#myorigin = /etc/mailname&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)&lt;br /&gt;biff = no&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# appending .domain is the MUA's job.&lt;br /&gt;append_dot_mydomain = no&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings&lt;br /&gt;#delay_warning_time = 4h&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# TLS parameters&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.crt&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.key&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_use_tls = yes&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${queue_directory}/smtpd_scache&lt;br /&gt;smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${queue_directory}/smtp_scache&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for&lt;br /&gt;# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;myhostname = server1.example.com&lt;br /&gt;alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases&lt;br /&gt;alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases&lt;br /&gt;myorigin = /etc/mailname&lt;br /&gt;mydestination = server1.example.com, localhost.example.com, localhost.localdomain, localhost&lt;br /&gt;relayhost =&lt;br /&gt;mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8&lt;br /&gt;mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"&lt;br /&gt;mailbox_size_limit = 0&lt;br /&gt;recipient_delimiter = +&lt;br /&gt;inet_interfaces = all&lt;br /&gt;inet_protocols = all&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_sasl_local_domain =&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous&lt;br /&gt;broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_tls_auth_only = no&lt;br /&gt;smtp_use_tls = yes&lt;br /&gt;smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/ssl/cacert.pem&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_tls_received_header = yes&lt;br /&gt;smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s&lt;br /&gt;tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom&lt;br /&gt;Restart Postfix:&lt;br /&gt;/etc/init.d/postfix restart&lt;br /&gt;Authentication will be done by saslauthd. We have to change a few things to make it work properly. Because Postfix runs chrooted in /var/spool/postfix we have to do the following: &lt;br /&gt;mkdir -p /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd&lt;br /&gt;Now we have to edit /etc/default/saslauthd in order to activate saslauthd. Set START to yes and change the line OPTIONS="-c" to OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r":&lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/default/saslauthd&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;# Settings for saslauthd daemon&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# Should saslauthd run automatically on startup? (default: no)&lt;br /&gt;START=yes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# Which authentication mechanisms should saslauthd use? (default: pam)&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;# Available options in this Debian package:&lt;br /&gt;# getpwent  -- use the getpwent() library function&lt;br /&gt;# kerberos5 -- use Kerberos 5&lt;br /&gt;# pam       -- use PAM&lt;br /&gt;# rimap     -- use a remote IMAP server&lt;br /&gt;# shadow    -- use the local shadow password file&lt;br /&gt;# sasldb    -- use the local sasldb database file&lt;br /&gt;# ldap      -- use LDAP (configuration is in /etc/saslauthd.conf)&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;# Only one option may be used at a time. See the saslauthd man page&lt;br /&gt;# for more information.&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;# Example: MECHANISMS="pam"&lt;br /&gt;MECHANISMS="pam"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# Additional options for this mechanism. (default: none)&lt;br /&gt;# See the saslauthd man page for information about mech-specific options.&lt;br /&gt;MECH_OPTIONS=""&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# How many saslauthd processes should we run? (default: 5)&lt;br /&gt;# A value of 0 will fork a new process for each connection.&lt;br /&gt;THREADS=5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# Other options (default: -c)&lt;br /&gt;# See the saslauthd man page for information about these options.&lt;br /&gt;#&lt;br /&gt;# Example for postfix users: "-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd"&lt;br /&gt;# Note: See /usr/share/doc/sasl2-bin/README.Debian&lt;br /&gt;OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r"&lt;br /&gt;Now start saslauthd:&lt;br /&gt;/etc/init.d/saslauthd start&lt;br /&gt;To see if SMTP-AUTH and TLS work properly now run the following command: &lt;br /&gt;telnet localhost 25&lt;br /&gt;After you have established the connection to your Postfix mail server type &lt;br /&gt;ehlo localhost&lt;br /&gt;If you see the lines &lt;br /&gt;250-STARTTLS&lt;br /&gt;and &lt;br /&gt;250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN&lt;br /&gt;everything is fine. &lt;br /&gt;The output on my system looks like this: &lt;br /&gt;root@server1:/etc/postfix/ssl# telnet localhost 25&lt;br /&gt;Trying 127.0.0.1...&lt;br /&gt;Connected to localhost.localdomain.&lt;br /&gt;Escape character is '^]'.&lt;br /&gt;220 server1.example.com ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)&lt;br /&gt;ehlo localhost&lt;br /&gt;250-server1.example.com&lt;br /&gt;250-PIPELINING&lt;br /&gt;250-SIZE 10240000&lt;br /&gt;250-VRFY&lt;br /&gt;250-ETRN&lt;br /&gt;250-STARTTLS&lt;br /&gt;250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN&lt;br /&gt;250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN&lt;br /&gt;250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES&lt;br /&gt;250-8BITMIME&lt;br /&gt;250 DSN&lt;br /&gt;quit&lt;br /&gt;221 2.0.0 Bye&lt;br /&gt;Connection closed by foreign host.&lt;br /&gt;root@server1:/etc/postfix/ssl#&lt;br /&gt;Type&lt;br /&gt;quit&lt;br /&gt;to return to the system's shell. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;15 Courier-IMAP/Courier-POP3&lt;br /&gt;Run this to install Courier-IMAP/Courier-IMAP-SSL (for IMAPs on port 993) and Courier-POP3/Courier-POP3-SSL (for POP3s on port 995):&lt;br /&gt;apt-get install courier-authdaemon courier-base courier-imap courier-imap-ssl courier-pop courier-pop-ssl courier-ssl gamin libgamin0 libglib2.0-0&lt;br /&gt;You will be asked two questions:&lt;br /&gt;Create directories for web-based administration ? &lt;-- No&lt;br /&gt;SSL certificate required &lt;-- Ok&lt;br /&gt;If you do not want to use ISPConfig, configure Postfix to deliver emails to a user's Maildir*: &lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'home_mailbox = Maildir/'&lt;br /&gt;postconf -e 'mailbox_command ='&lt;br /&gt;/etc/init.d/postfix restart&lt;br /&gt;*Please note: You do not have to do this if you intend to use ISPConfig on your system as ISPConfig does the necessary configuration using procmail recipes. But please go sure to enable Maildir under Management -&gt; Server -&gt; Settings -&gt; EMail in the ISPConfig web interface. &lt;br /&gt;16 Apache/PHP5&lt;br /&gt;Now we install Apache:&lt;br /&gt;apt-get install apache2 apache2-doc apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils libexpat1 ssl-cert&lt;br /&gt;Next we install PHP5:&lt;br /&gt;apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5 php5 php5-common php5-curl php5-dev php5-gd php5-idn php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-json php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-mhash php5-ming php5-mysql php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl&lt;br /&gt;You will be asked the following question:&lt;br /&gt;Continue installing libc-client without Maildir support? &lt;-- Yes&lt;br /&gt;Next we edit /etc/apache2/mods-available/dir.conf:&lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/apache2/mods-available/dir.conf&lt;br /&gt;and change the DirectoryIndex line: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;IfModule mod_dir.c&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          #DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.pl index.php index.xhtml&lt;br /&gt;          DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.shtml index.cgi index.php index.php3 index.pl index.xhtml&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/IfModule&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now we have to enable some Apache modules (SSL, rewrite, suexec, and include): &lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt; a2enmod ssl&lt;br /&gt;a2enmod rewrite&lt;br /&gt;a2enmod suexec&lt;br /&gt;a2enmod include&lt;br /&gt;Reload the Apache configuration: &lt;br /&gt;/etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;16.1 Disable PHP Globally&lt;br /&gt;(If you do not plan to install ISPConfig on this server, please skip this section!) &lt;br /&gt;In ISPConfig you will configure PHP on a per-website basis, i.e. you can specify which website can run PHP scripts and which one cannot. This can only work if PHP is disabled globally because otherwise all websites would be able to run PHP scripts, no matter what you specify in ISPConfig. &lt;br /&gt;To disable PHP globally, we edit /etc/mime.types and comment out the application/x-httpd-php lines: &lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/mime.types&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;#application/x-httpd-php                                phtml pht php&lt;br /&gt;#application/x-httpd-php-source                 phps&lt;br /&gt;#application/x-httpd-php3                       php3&lt;br /&gt;#application/x-httpd-php3-preprocessed          php3p&lt;br /&gt;#application/x-httpd-php4                       php4&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;Edit /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.conf and comment out the following lines: &lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.conf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;IfModule mod_php5.c&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  #AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml .php3&lt;br /&gt;  #AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/IfModule&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then restart Apache:&lt;br /&gt;/etc/init.d/apache2 restart&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;17 Proftpd&lt;br /&gt;In order to install Proftpd, run&lt;br /&gt;apt-get install proftpd ucf&lt;br /&gt;You will be asked a question:&lt;br /&gt;Run proftpd from inetd or standalone? &lt;-- standalone&lt;br /&gt;Then open /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf and change UseIPv6 from on to off; otherwise you'll get a warning like this when you start Proftpd:&lt;br /&gt;If you get a message like this: &lt;br /&gt;- IPv6 getaddrinfo 'server1.example.com' error: Name or service not known&lt;br /&gt;you can either modify /etc/hosts and add server1.example.com to the ::1 line:&lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/hosts&lt;br /&gt;127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain   localhost&lt;br /&gt;192.168.0.100   server1.example.com     server1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts&lt;br /&gt;::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback server1.example.com&lt;br /&gt;fe00::0 ip6-localnet&lt;br /&gt;ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix&lt;br /&gt;ff02::1 ip6-allnodes&lt;br /&gt;ff02::2 ip6-allrouters&lt;br /&gt;ff02::3 ip6-allhosts&lt;br /&gt;... or you can open /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf and change UseIPv6 from on to off &lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;UseIPv6                         off&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;For security reasons you can also add the following lines to /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf (thanks to Reinaldo Carvalho; more information can be found here: http://proftpd.org/localsite/Userguide/linked/userguide.html): &lt;br /&gt;vi /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;DefaultRoot ~&lt;br /&gt;IdentLookups off&lt;br /&gt;ServerIdent on "FTP Server ready."&lt;br /&gt;[...]&lt;br /&gt;ISPConfig expects the configuration to be in /etc/proftpd.conf instead of /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf, therefore we create a symlink (you can skip this command if you don't want to install ISPConfig):&lt;br /&gt;ln -s /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf&lt;br /&gt;Then restart Proftpd:&lt;br /&gt;/etc/init.d/proftpd restart&lt;br /&gt;previous&lt;br /&gt;next&lt;br /&gt;up&lt;br /&gt;The Perfect Server - Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon (Ubuntu 7.10) - Page 5&lt;br /&gt;The Perfect Server - Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon (Ubuntu 7.10) - Page 7&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;18 Webalizer&lt;br /&gt;To install webalizer, just run &lt;br /&gt;apt-get install webalizer&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;19 Synchronize the System Clock&lt;br /&gt;It is a good idea to synchronize the system clock with an NTP (network time protocol) server over the internet. Simply run &lt;br /&gt;apt-get install ntp ntpdate&lt;br /&gt;and your system time will always be in sync. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;20 Install Some Perl Modules Needed By SpamAssassin (Comes With ISPConfig) &lt;br /&gt;Run&lt;br /&gt;apt-get install libhtml-parser-perl libdb-file-lock-perl libnet-dns-perl&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;21 ISPConfig&lt;br /&gt;The configuration of the server is now finished, and if you wish you can now install ISPConfig on it. Please check out the ISPConfig installation manual: http://www.ispconfig.org/manual_installation.htm &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;21.1 A Note On SuExec&lt;br /&gt;If you want to run CGI scripts under suExec, you should specify /var/www as the home directory for websites created by ISPConfig as Ubuntu's suExec is compiled with /var/www as Doc_Root. Run&lt;br /&gt;/usr/lib/apache2/suexec -V&lt;br /&gt;and the output should look like this: &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;root@server1:~# /usr/lib/apache2/suexec -V&lt;br /&gt; -D AP_DOC_ROOT="/var/www"&lt;br /&gt; -D AP_GID_MIN=100&lt;br /&gt; -D AP_HTTPD_USER="www-data"&lt;br /&gt; -D AP_LOG_EXEC="/var/log/apache2/suexec.log"&lt;br /&gt; -D AP_SAFE_PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"&lt;br /&gt; -D AP_UID_MIN=100&lt;br /&gt; -D AP_USERDIR_SUFFIX="public_html"&lt;br /&gt;root@server1:~#&lt;br /&gt;So if you want to use suExec with ISPconfig, don't change the default web root (which is /var/www) if you use expert mode during the ISPConfig installation (in standard mode you can't change the web root anyway so you'll be able to use suExec in any case). &lt;br /&gt;The following screenshot is taken from an ISPConfig installation in expert mode. If you want to use ISPConfig, then don't change the default web root:&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-1743160189750123314?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/1743160189750123314/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=1743160189750123314&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1743160189750123314'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/1743160189750123314'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/12/perfect-server-ubuntu-gutsy-gibbon.html' title='The Perfect Server - Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon (Ubuntu 7.10)'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-3559324955291584146</id><published>2007-12-16T22:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-16T22:37:07.453-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Open office tutorial</title><content type='html'>Sekarang banyak orang yang menggunakan aplikasi officenya menggunakan produk microsoft. Itu memang baik dan dengan berbuat seperti itu kita akan cenderung untuk ketagihan dengan produknya microsoft. Ada suatu aplikasi yang open source yaitu open office. Sebenarnya aplikasi open office mirip dengan aplikasi office yang dimiliki oleh bawaannya microsoft. Pada open office bisa didapatkan secara gratis melalui internet. Cobalah tutorial aplikasi open office melalui media berikut ini. Silahkan &lt;a href="http://inpics.net/tutorials/writer2/basics11.html"&gt;link disini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span class="bigtext"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-3559324955291584146?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/3559324955291584146/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=3559324955291584146&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/3559324955291584146'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/3559324955291584146'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/12/open-office-tutorial.html' title='Open office tutorial'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-7309583026750517086</id><published>2007-12-13T18:20:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-13T18:26:38.673-08:00</updated><title type='text'>HOW INSTALL AVG ANTI VIRUS ON UBUNTU</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Before Installation&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Make sure that your sourcelist is set up correctly. If you are in doubt make a search on the forum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Installation&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download The Free AVG Advisor from &lt;a href="http://free.grisoft.com/doc/5390/us/frt/0?prd=afl" target="_blank"&gt;here (.deb)&lt;/a&gt; to your &lt;b&gt;Desktop&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Code:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="border: 1pt inset ; padding: 5pt;"&gt;&lt;pre style="border: medium none ; padding: 0cm;"&gt;cd ~/Desktop&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre style="border: medium none ; padding: 0cm;"&gt;sudo dpkg -i avg75fld-r45-a0973.i386.deb&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Launcher&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Making a launcher to start AVG&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Code:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="border: 1pt inset ; padding: 5pt;"&gt;&lt;pre style="border: medium none ; padding: 0cm;"&gt;sudo rm -r /usr/share/applications/avggui.desktop&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre style="border: medium none ; padding: 0cm;"&gt;sudo nano /usr/share/applications/avg.desktop&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;add:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Code:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="border: 1pt inset ; padding: 5pt;"&gt;&lt;pre style="border: medium none ; padding: 0cm;"&gt;[Desktop Entry]&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre style="border: medium none ; padding: 0cm;"&gt;Name=AVG Antivirus&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre style="border: medium none ; padding: 0cm;"&gt;Comment=Antivirus&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre style="border: medium none ; padding: 0cm;"&gt;Exec=gksudo avggui &amp;amp;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre style="border: medium none ; padding: 0cm;"&gt;Icon=/opt/grisoft/avggui/prog/pixmaps/avgico_big.png&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre style="border: medium none ; padding: 0cm;"&gt;Terminal=false&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre style="border: medium none ; padding: 0cm;"&gt;Type=Application&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre style="border: medium none ; padding: 0cm;"&gt;Categories=Application;System;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;save and exit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can now start AVG by going to Applications tab ---&gt; System Tools.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="entry"&gt;Diambil: samosir.wordpress.com&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="snappreview"&gt;Seperti tulisan sebelumnya, awalnya saya bingung dengan banyaknya cara menambah program di distro Linux yang berbeda-beda. Untuk bagian ini saya akan menulis cara otomatis dan semi otomatis.&lt;br /&gt;Sebutan “otomatis” dan “semi-otomatis” hanyalah istilah buatan saya.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Saya sebut otomatis karena memakai repository dan bisa di-klak-klik dengan mudah menggunakan tampilan grafis yang indah.&lt;br /&gt;Apa itu repository? Yaitu media yang dibuat khusus agar bisa dipakai untuk instalasi cepat. Repository bisa berbentuk CD, DVD, alamat website, atau jaringan lokal. Kalo kita nginstall pake repository lalu ada file-file dependency, mereka akan diikut-sertakan secara otomatis. Itu enaknya. Saya gak tau apa harddisk kita bisa dibikin sebagai repository juga. Kayaknya bisa deh. CD aja bisa dibikin jadi repository, kenapa harddisk kagak?! Cuma, saya belum tau caranya. &lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"&gt;  &lt;v:stroke joinstyle="miter"&gt;  &lt;v:formulas&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"&gt;  &lt;/v:formulas&gt;  &lt;v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"&gt;  &lt;o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"&gt; &lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt=":)" style="'width:11.25pt;"&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\SerICT\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://samosir.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif"&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/SerICT/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt=":)" class="wp-smiley" shapes="_x0000_i1025" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Sedangkan istilah semi-otomatis saya berikan untuk cara menginstalasi yang setengah-setengah, ada yang pake repository tanpa kemudahan klak-klik mouse (tanpa tampilan grafis). &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Ada&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:City&gt; juga cara mudah pake klak-klik mouse, tetapi tanpa repository. Sehingga kalo ada dependency kita perlu menginstallnya satu persatu.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Penggunaan repository harus menggunakan tool manajemen software, biasanya dipasang di menu sebagai tombol “Add or Remove Software”. Dengan tool ini kita bisa melihat software aplikasi apa saja yang sudah diinstall dan apa saja yang belum.&lt;br /&gt;Kita bisa menambah atau mengurangi sumber repository sesuai kehendak kita. Bila kita hanya memiliki CD/DVD instalasi sebagai repository dan gak punya sambungan internet, bersabarlah seperti saya &lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt=":)" style="'width:11.25pt;height:11.25pt'"&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\SerICT\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://samosir.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif"&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/SerICT/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt=":)" class="wp-smiley" shapes="_x0000_i1026" border="0" height="15" width="15" /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;karena belum bisa meraih nikmatnya repository secara utuh.&lt;br /&gt;CD/DVD repository dibuat khusus untuk fungsi instalasi otomatis. Bukan sembarangan CD/DVD. Kita bisa mendapatkannya di majalah InfoLinux atau membelinya dari situs web. Atau membuatnya sendiri dengan cara-cara khusus. &lt;a href="http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=136064"&gt;DOWNLOAD&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-7309583026750517086?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/7309583026750517086/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=7309583026750517086&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7309583026750517086'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7309583026750517086'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/12/how-install-avg-anti-virus-on-ubuntu.html' title='HOW INSTALL AVG ANTI VIRUS ON UBUNTU'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-3723226138164528636</id><published>2007-12-09T21:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-09T21:04:00.699-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Tutorial dan Latihan Corel Draw</title><content type='html'>&lt;img src="http://h1.ripway.com/ilmuwebsite/Al-k/embun.JPG" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tutorial yang akan saya bawakan kali ini adalah, membuat butiran air dengan aplikasi  CorelDraw, saya sengaja menggunakan Coreldraw. Alasannya adalah vector, yang tidak  mengalami distorsi walaupun gambar diperbesar beberapa kali.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ilmuwebsite.com/detil_coreldraw/6/Membuat_Butiran_Air/"&gt;Link Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-3723226138164528636?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/3723226138164528636/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=3723226138164528636&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/3723226138164528636'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/3723226138164528636'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/12/tutorial-dan-latihan-corel-draw.html' title='Tutorial dan Latihan Corel Draw'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-8806134834422618686</id><published>2007-12-07T22:33:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-07T22:38:15.339-08:00</updated><title type='text'>How to install ANYTHING in Ubuntu!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://monkeyblog.org/ubuntu/installing/Synaptic_search.png"&gt;&lt;img src="http://monkeyblog.org/ubuntu/installing/Synaptic_search.png" alt="The search popup in Synaptic" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Having problems installing something on your new Ubuntu operating system? &lt;cite&gt;"Where's the EXE?"&lt;/cite&gt;, &lt;cite&gt;"Where do I need to extract this to?"&lt;/cite&gt;, &lt;cite&gt;"How do I run it?"&lt;/cite&gt;, &lt;cite&gt;"Where did it go?"&lt;/cite&gt; - have you been thinking questions like these? Don't worry, installing software, themes and other things on Ubuntu is actually &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; easy! This guide will help you understand with screenshots, instructional videos and to-the-point language.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Plesae Click&lt;a href="http://monkeyblog.org/ubuntu/installing/"&gt; Here&lt;/a&gt; To Guide You&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-8806134834422618686?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/8806134834422618686/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=8806134834422618686&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8806134834422618686'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8806134834422618686'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/12/how-to-install-anything-in-ubuntu.html' title='How to install ANYTHING in Ubuntu!'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-7021158406602187499</id><published>2007-12-06T22:32:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-06T22:35:57.188-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Moving to Ubuntu Linux</title><content type='html'>&lt;script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"&gt; &lt;/script&gt;&lt;iframe name="google_ads_frame" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-4163023462070998&amp;amp;dt=1197009140812&amp;amp;lmt=1177853942&amp;amp;format=728x90_as&amp;amp;output=html&amp;amp;correlator=1197009140796&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fbook.opensourceproject.org.cn%2Fdistrib%2Fubuntu%2Fmovingtoubuntu%2Fopensource%2F0321482395%2Fmain.html&amp;amp;color_bg=117668&amp;amp;color_text=FFFFFF&amp;amp;color_link=FFFFFF&amp;amp;color_url=FFFFFF&amp;amp;color_border=FFFFFF&amp;amp;ad_type=text&amp;amp;ref=http%3A%2F%2Fbook.opensourceproject.org.cn%2Fdistrib%2Fubuntu%2Fmovingtoubuntu%2Fhelpcontents.html&amp;amp;ga_vid=88046234.1197009141&amp;amp;ga_sid=1197009141&amp;amp;ga_hid=778179472&amp;amp;flash=0&amp;amp;u_h=768&amp;amp;u_w=1024&amp;amp;u_ah=738&amp;amp;u_aw=1024&amp;amp;u_cd=32&amp;amp;u_tz=420&amp;amp;u_his=2&amp;amp;u_java=true&amp;amp;u_nplug=12&amp;amp;u_nmime=20" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" height="90" scrolling="no" width="728"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="http://book.opensourceproject.org.cn/distrib/ubuntu/movingtoubuntu/opensource/0321482395/images/0321482395_xs.jpg" alt="Book Cover" border="0" height="100" width="76" /&gt; &lt;a href="http:///book.opensourceproject.org.cn/distrib/ubuntu/movingtoubuntu/"&gt;Link Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="docText"&gt;&lt;span class="docEmphStrong"&gt;Discover Ubuntu, Today's Hottest Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="docText"&gt;Everyone's talking about Ubuntuit's not just 100% free, it's the most useful, practical desktop Linux ever! Now, Linux expert Marcel Gagné reveals Ubuntu's amazing power and helps you migrate from Windows faster than you ever thought possible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="docText"&gt;&lt;span class="docEmphasis"&gt;Moving to Ubuntu Linux&lt;/span&gt; will teach you how to do virtually anything with Ubuntuwrite documents, create spreadsheets, surf the Web, use email, listen to music, watch movies, and play games.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class="docList"&gt;Install Ubuntu fast, with easy, step-by-step instructions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class="docList"&gt;Take control, with the GNOME desktop environment and Nautilus file manager&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class="docList"&gt;Browse the Internet using Firefox, the powerful browser that's quickly replacing Microsoft Internet Explorer&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class="docList"&gt;Find and install all the software you'll ever need, with Ubuntu's powerful Synaptic package manager&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class="docList"&gt;Send email, track contacts, create calendars, and manage all your personal information with Evolution&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class="docList"&gt;Organize digital photos, rip music, burn and play CDs, watch movies, create graphics, and more&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class="docList"&gt;Discover the world of Linux games, and learn how to run Windows games on your Ubuntu PC&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class="docList"&gt;Set up an efficient, convenient network for your home or small business&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class="docList"&gt;Customize your desktop so it's perfectly comfortable and totally efficient&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By: Iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd (Chief Manager ICT Center SMKN 1 Pungging Mojokerto)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-7021158406602187499?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/7021158406602187499/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=7021158406602187499&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7021158406602187499'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7021158406602187499'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/12/moving-to-ubuntu-linux.html' title='Moving to Ubuntu Linux'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-3410738163991533419</id><published>2007-12-06T21:57:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-06T22:28:47.151-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;img style="width: 97px; height: 99px;" src="http://www.linux-books.us/images/ubuntu_sg.jpg" border="0" /&gt;Jika Anda Membutuhkan bagaimana mengistalasi dan menggunakan ubuntu dekstop silakan download disini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.linux-books.us/ubuntu_0001.php"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Gutsy"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Created ; Iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-3410738163991533419?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/3410738163991533419/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=3410738163991533419&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/3410738163991533419'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/3410738163991533419'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/12/jika-anda-membutuhkan-bagaimana.html' title=''/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-8491599037656959804</id><published>2007-11-23T01:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-23T01:52:11.722-08:00</updated><title type='text'>KONFIGURASI DHCP SERVER</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:180%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-family: times new roman;"&gt;Sekilas DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) merupakan protocol jaringan yang secara otomatis menunjuk informasi TCP/IP kepada komputer client. Masing-masing DHCP client terhubung ke server DHCP sentral yang berfungsi mengembalikan konfigurasi jaringan client termasuk IP address, gateway, and DNS servers.&lt;br /&gt;DHCP berfungsi untuk pengiriman secara cepat konfigurasi jaringan client. Ketika mengkonfigurasi sistem client, administrator dapat memilih DHCP dan tidak harus memasukkan IP address, netmask dan gateway atau DNS servers. Clien memperoleh informasi dari server DHCP. Selain itu, jika sebuah laptop atau jenis mobile komputer yang lain dikonfigurasi untuk DHCP, maka dapat dipindahkan dari kantor satu ke kantor lain tanpa menkonfigurasi kembali selama masing-masing kantor memiliki server DHCP yang&lt;br /&gt;memungkinkan komputer tersebut terhubung ke jaringan.&lt;br /&gt;Mengkonfigurasi server DHCP&lt;br /&gt;Anda bisa mengkonfigurasi sebuah server DHCP dengan mengggunakan file /etc/dhcpd.conf. DHCP juga menggunakan file /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases untuk menyimpan transaksi database client.&lt;br /&gt;Konfigurasi File&lt;br /&gt;Langkah pertama dalam mengkonfigurasi server DHCP adalah membuat konfigurasi file informasi jaringan untuk client. Opsi umum dapat di deklarasikan untuk semua client, atau pilihan dapat dideklarasikan untuk masing- masing client. Konfigurasi fle dapat berisi berbagai tab extra atau baris kosong untuk pemformatan yang lebih mudah. Kata kuncinya adalah “case- insensitive, dan baris yang dimulai dengan tanda pagar (#) dianggap komentar.&lt;br /&gt;Ada dua bentuk pernyataan dalam konfigurasi file :&lt;br /&gt;tugas atau pilihan konfigurasi jaringan apa yang dikirm ke client Deklarasi menggambarkan topologi jaringan, menggambarkan client, menyediakan alamat-alamat untuk client atau mengaplikasikan kelompok parameter ke kelompok deklarasi। Beberapa parameter harus dimulai dengan kata kunci option dan dianggap sebagai pilihan. Pilihan mengkonfigurasi opsi DHCP, dimana parameter mengkonfigurasi nilai yang bukan opsional atau mengkontrol bagaimana server DHCP bekerja. Parameters (termasuk opsi) dideklarasikan sebelum sebuah bagian disertakan dalam tanda kurung kurawal ({ }) dianggap parameter global.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.anakkampung.org"&gt;Download Here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-8491599037656959804?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/8491599037656959804/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=8491599037656959804&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8491599037656959804'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8491599037656959804'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/11/konfigurasi-dhcp-server.html' title='KONFIGURASI DHCP SERVER'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-3632851799799207896</id><published>2007-11-23T01:29:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-23T01:40:45.080-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Working With Your Ubuntu Desktop</title><content type='html'>&lt;h6 style="color: rgb(102, 102, 204); font-weight: bold;" class="subtitle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Cached Content&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 204); font-weight: bold;"&gt; . extend, and improve the Ubuntu documentation source code under the . Linux. . Ndiswrapper is a Linux module which allows Ubuntu to use the Windows . &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;h6 style="color: rgb(102, 102, 204); font-weight: bold;" class="subtitle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;File Summary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 204); font-weight: bold;"&gt; Chapter 1। Linux Basics Linux is inspired by the Unix operating system which first appeared in 1969, and has been in continous use and development ever since. Many of the design conventions behind Unix also exist in Linux and are central to understanding the basics of the system. Unix was primarily oriented towards the command line interface, and that legacy is carried on in Linux. Thus, the graphical user interface with its windows, icons and menus are built on top of a basic command line interface. Furthermore, this means that the Linux file system is structured to be easily manageable and accessible from the command line.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://help.ubuntu.com/6.10/pdf/ubuntu/C/desktopguide.pdf"&gt;download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-3632851799799207896?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/3632851799799207896/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=3632851799799207896&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/3632851799799207896'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/3632851799799207896'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/11/working-with-your-ubuntu-desktop.html' title='Working With Your Ubuntu Desktop'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-8432167834960047167</id><published>2007-11-21T02:20:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-06T22:19:46.560-08:00</updated><title type='text'>SOFWARE PEMBUAT JADWAL MENGAJAR</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Bjjj2AA7Z1k/R0S8QhPMKVI/AAAAAAAAAAU/nTkXE1bMcgM/s1600-h/ISKANDAR++EDIT.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Bjjj2AA7Z1k/R0S8QhPMKVI/AAAAAAAAAAU/nTkXE1bMcgM/s200/ISKANDAR++EDIT.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5135436467095218514" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Di setiap sekolah kegiatan yang rutin dilakukan setiap tahun pelajaran baru atau setiap semester adalah membuat/mengatur/menyusun jadwal pelajaran. Diperlukan keseriusan dalam pembuatannya. Kalau tidak teliti bisa di komplain rekan guru yang akan mengajar. Lebih rumit lagi kalau kelasnya cukup banyak dengan guru kurang memadai.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Selama ini menyusun jadwal pelajaran dilakukan secara manual. Meskipun bisa saja sedikit lebih maju dengan menggunakan program spreadsheet semacam excel. Masih kurang praktis memang. Mungkin bisa saja dibuat dengan menggunakan logika-formula yang disedikan program tersebut. Kalau tidak berpengalaman repot juga membuat logikanya. Bersyukur saya memperoleh link untuk software yang bisa memudahkan pembuatan jadwal pelajaran ini.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Setahun yang lalu saya menjelajah dan mendapatkan program pembuat jadwal yang praktis dan otomatis &lt;a href="http://www.asctimetables.com/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ascTimeTable&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; namanya। Konsepnya adalah membuat mudah pengguna dengan menyediakan GUI dalam penyusuunan jadwal. Hanya diperlukan sedikit belajar untuk memahami cara penggunaanya. Tapi jangan khawatir ada tutorial berbahasa indonesia pula. Anda juga bisa download panduannya &lt;a href="http://www.asctimetables.com/documents/aScTimeTables_Manual_English.pdf"&gt;disini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Created by Iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-8432167834960047167?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/8432167834960047167/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=8432167834960047167&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8432167834960047167'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/8432167834960047167'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/11/sofware.html' title='SOFWARE PEMBUAT JADWAL MENGAJAR'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Bjjj2AA7Z1k/R0S8QhPMKVI/AAAAAAAAAAU/nTkXE1bMcgM/s72-c/ISKANDAR++EDIT.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-7900296724266864001</id><published>2007-11-21T02:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-21T02:16:37.216-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Using Linux</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;"&gt;Linux can be used to set up any number of server-type systems as well as workstations. This site is primarily concerned with the server aspects of Linux. If you're interested in playing around with Linux as a workstation OS on an older system, pick up a copy of Corel Linux which is based on the Debian distribution and is GUI all the way. The Corel Linux desktop looks a &lt;b&gt;lot&lt;/b&gt; like Windows so the transition from using Windows to Linux for a desktop OS will be an easy one. (See the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/desktop.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Desktop Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page for more information on and screen-prints of Corel Linux.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can use your Debian Linux software to set up the following types of systems: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul type="disc"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Web servers for external (Int&lt;b&gt;er&lt;/b&gt;net) or      internal (Int&lt;b&gt;ra&lt;/b&gt;net) use. (We show you how on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/internet.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Internet      Servers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page.) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Mail servers to handle both internal and      Internet e-mail. (We show you how on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/internet.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Internet      Servers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page.) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Other Internet-type application servers such as      FTP, news, IRC (chat), etc. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Web cam servers to keep an eye on your home or      business operations from a remote location. (We show you how on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/webcam.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Web      Cam Server&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page.) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Proxy/NAT servers that allow all the systems on      a network to share a single broadband Internet connection at home or the      office. (We show you how on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/proxy.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Proxy/NAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;      page.) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Packet-filtering firewalls which allow you to      control what traffic goes out of and comes in to your network (while also      performing the proxy/NAT function). (We show you how on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/firewall.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Firewall&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;      page.) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Internal LAN servers for file and print sharing      much like Novell or NT/2000. There's even a Linux software package      available called Samba that makes a Linux server appear as an NT server to      Windows workstations. (We show you how on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/lan.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;LAN      Servers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page.) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;DNS servers to resolve Internet and/or internal      LAN host/domain names. (We show you how on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/dns.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;DNS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;      page.) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Database servers running MaxDB - formerly SAPDB      (free), MySQL (free), or Oracle ($$$$) database software. (We show you how      on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/database.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Database Server&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page.) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Fax servers running HylaFax and utilizing old      fax-modems allow all users on your network to send faxes from their      desktops rather than printing out a hard-copy to stuff in a fax machine.      (We show you how on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/fax.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Fax Server&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page.) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;LAN and WAN routers which offer an inexpensive      alternative to those $5,000 Cisco boxes. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Syslog servers which allow you to centralize the      monitoring of your network and systems operations. (We show you how on the      &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/syslog.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Syslog      Server&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page.) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems) to monitor your Internet address      space for hacking and attack activity. (We show you how on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/security.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Securing      Servers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page.) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Given the free nature of the Linux software and its modest hardware requirements, small and non-profit businesses, schools, libraries, etc. can have all of the computing capabilities and Internet services of big, for-profit corporations with very little financial investment. And Linux is not just for the little guy. Big businesses can save &lt;u&gt;big&lt;/u&gt; dollars with Linux because they don't have to pay for all those expensive client access or "seat" licenses (see the server comparison diagram below).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The other benefit to the modest hardware requirements of Linux is that if you do have a fairly powerful machine, you can run numerous applications (such as Web and e-mail and FTP and Telnet and DNS) all on one system reducing your overall hardware requirements. (While it is certainly possible for a single server to handle both internal LAN and external Internet functions, it isn't wise to put both functions on one server for security reasons.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Support options for Linux-based systems are also growing. Commercial server vendors HP, IBM, and Dell now offer servers pre-loaded with Linux and provide numerous support options for them. Commercial distro vendors have various support packages available and third-party companies offer distribution-specific support options ranging from per-incident to 24/7 contract coverage. For individuals and small businesses, there are free self-help and peer-support options such as on-line documentation, newsgroups, listserves, and chat rooms. We show you how to use one of Debian's chat rooms on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/compile.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Compiling Software&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page and Debian support resources are listed on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/resource.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Resources&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you're looking for a career, there are two different categories of jobs working with Linux/UNIX servers, but they can often overlap. You can focus on a career as a &lt;b&gt;network administrator&lt;/b&gt;, where you primarily take care of all of the types of systems mentioned above, manage user accounts, access rights to files, etc. The other is as a &lt;b&gt;programmer&lt;/b&gt;, where you are writing shell scripts or programs which can be written in a wide variety of languages, with C being the most widely used. These scripts and programs are often used in the middle or "back-end" tiers of "multi-tier" client/server systems to automate things. For instance, Linux/UNIX servers are often used as back-end database servers running Oracle. In large organizations these two aspects are usually segregated with different job titles. In smaller organizations you may end up doing both, which would be the best training you could ask for. Note that a network administrator will find their life much easier if they are a good shell script programmer. The better they are at writing shell scripts the more they can automate administrative tasks on the servers. As more and more businesses learn about the potential for productivity gains and substantial cost savings realized through the reduced licensing costs associated with Linux, those with Linux knowledge will be in greater demand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That's not to say you have to be into networking or C programming to have any use for Linux. A vanilla installation of most Linux distributions will include the installation and setup of the Apache Web server software. Out of the box a Linux system can act as a test Web server for Web site developers and those who write CGI scripts for Web sites (which you know the value of if you've ever taken down a production Web server hosting 200+ sites with a looping CGI script).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Linux can be useful at home too. It's easy to use it to set up a firewalling proxy server to share a broadband Internet connection with the all of the computers on a home network. (We show you how on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/network.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Networking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page.) And as long as you've got a Linux proxy box hanging on the Internet, it's just as easy to have &lt;b&gt;your own home Web/e-mail server&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Normally, if you want to set up a e-mail or Web server you have to have a fixed ("static") IP address assigned by your ISP and your own domain name. However, &lt;b&gt;dyndns.org&lt;/b&gt; offers a free service called "dynamic DNS" which will allow you to set up your own home Web and e-mail server on a system where the IP address changes (as happens with dial-up, and residential DSL and cable-modem services). You don't even need your own domain name! If you did register your family's name as a domain name you can use dynamic DNS and set up a Sendmail server to receive e-mail for the domain name (ex: homer@simpson.com). Family members would then set their POP3 clients to retreive their mail from this Sendmail server rather than the ISP's. In addition, you can run the Apache Web server software on the system also and host your own family Web site. Information on using dynamic DNS services is given on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/dns.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;DNS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page and setting up a Web/e-mail server using the Apache and Sendmail software is given on the &lt;a href="http://www.aboutdebian.com/internet.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(174, 0, 57);"&gt;Internet Servers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.linux.com"&gt;download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-7900296724266864001?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/7900296724266864001/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=7900296724266864001&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7900296724266864001'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/7900296724266864001'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/11/using-linux.html' title='Using Linux'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-295152841910368197</id><published>2007-11-21T02:04:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-21T02:06:42.223-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Enam (6) Langkah Mengamankan Jaringan &amp; Sistem Komputer Dari Serangan Hacker</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Secara umum ada enam (6) langkah besar yang mungkin bisa digunakan untuk mengamankan jaringan &amp;amp; sistem komputer dari serangan hacker. Adapun langkah tersebut adalah:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Membuat Komite Pengarah Keamanan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Mengumpulkan Informasi&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Memperhitungkan Resiko&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Membuat Solusi&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Implementasi &amp;amp; Edukasi / Pendidikan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Terus Menerus Menganalisa, dan Meresponds.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Langkah 1: Membuat Komite Pengarah Keamanan.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText2"&gt;Komite pengarah sangat penting untuk dibentuk agar kebijakan keamanan jaringan dapat diterima oleh semua pihak. Agar tidak ada orang terpaksa, merasa tersiksa, merasa akses-nya dibatasi dalam beroperasi di jaringan IntraNet mereka.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Dengan memasukan perwakilan dari semua bidang / bagian, maka masukan dari bawah dapat diharapkan untuk dapat masuk &amp;amp; di terima oleh semua orang.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText2"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText2"&gt;Dengan adanya komite pengarah ini, akan memungkinkan terjadi interaksi antara orang teknik / administrator jaringan, user &amp;amp; manajer. Sehingga dapat dicari kebijakan yang paling optimal yang dapat di implementasikan dengan mudah secara teknis.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Langkah 2: Mengumpulkan Informasi&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText2"&gt;Sebelum sebuah kebijakan keamanan jaringan di implementasikan, ada baiknya proses audit yang lengkap dilakukan. Tidak hanya mengaudit peralatan &amp;amp; komponen jaringan saja, tapi juga proses bisnis, prosedur operasi, kesadaran akan keamanan, aset. Tentunya proses audit harus dari tempat yang paling beresiko tinggi yaitu Internet; berlanjut pada home user &amp;amp; sambungan VPN. Selain audit dari sisi external, ada baiknya dilakukan audit dari sisi internet seperti HRD dll.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Langkah 3: Memperhitungkan Resiko&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText2"&gt;Resiko dalam formula sederhana dapat digambarkan sebagai:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText2"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;Resiko = Nilai Aset * Vurnerability * Kemungkinan di Eksploit&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText2"&gt;Nilai aset termasuk nilai uang, biaya karena sistem down, kehilangan kepercayaan mitra / pelanggan. Vurnerability termasuk kehilangan data total / sebagian, system downtime, kerusakan / korupsi data. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText2"&gt;Dengan mengambil hasil dari langkah audit yang dilakukan sebelumnya, kita perlu menanyakan:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Apakah kebijakan keamanan yang ada sekarang sudah cukup untuk memberikan proteksi?&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Apakah audit secara eksternal berhasil memvalidasi ke keandalan kebijakan keamanan yang ada?&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Adakah proses audit mendeteksi kelemahan &amp;amp; belum tertuang dalam kebijakan keamanan?&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Apakah tingkat keamanan, setara dengan tingkat resiko?&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Apa aset / informasi yang memiliki resiko tertinggi?&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;Dengan menjawab pertanyaan di atas merupakan titik awal untuk mengevaluasi kelengkapan kebijakan informasi yang kita miliki. Dengan mengevaluasi jawaban di atas, kita dapat memfokuskan pada solusi yang sifatnya macro &amp;amp; global terlebih dulu tanpa terjerat pada solusi mikro &amp;amp; individu.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Langkah 4: Membuat Solusi&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText2"&gt;Pada hari ini sudah cukup banyak solusi yang sifatnya plug’n’play yang dapat terdapat di pasar. Sialnya, tidak ada satu program / solusi yang ampuh untuk semua jenis masalah. Oleh karena kita kita harus pandai memilih dari berbagai solusi yang ada untuk berbagai kebutuhan keamanan. Beberapa di antaranya, kita mengenal:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Firewall.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Network Intrusion Detection System (IDS).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Host based Intrusion Detection System (H-IDS).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Application-based Intrusion Detection System (App-IDS).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Anti-Virus Software.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Virtual Private Network (VPN).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Two Factor Authentication.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Biometric.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Smart cards.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Server Auditing.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Application Auditing.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Dll – masih ada beberapa lagi yang tidak termasuk kategori di atas.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Langkah 5: Implementasi &amp;amp; Edukasi / Pendidikan.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText2"&gt;Setelah semua support diperoleh maka proses implementasi dapat di lakukan. Proses instalasi akan sangat tergantung pada tingkat kesulitan yang harus di hadapi. Satu hal yang harus di ingat dalam semua proses implementasi adalah proses pendidikan / edukasi jangan sampai dilupakan. Proses pendidikan ini harus berisi:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Detail dari sistem / prosedur keamanan yang baru.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Effek dari prosedur keamanan yang baru terhadap aset / data perusahaan.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;·&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Penjelasan dari prosedur &amp;amp; bagaimana cara memenuhi goal kebijakan keamanan yang baru.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText2"&gt;Peserta harus di jelaskan tidak hanya bagaimana / apa prosedur keamanan yang dibuat, tapi juga harus dijelaskan mengapa prosedur keamanan tersebut di lakukan.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Langkah 6: Terus Menerus Menganalisa, dan Meresponds.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoBodyText2"&gt;Sistem selalu berkembang, oleh karena itu proses analisa dari prosedur yang dikembangkan harus selalu dilakukan. Selalu berada di depan, jangan sampai ketinggalan kereta api &lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; …&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-295152841910368197?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/295152841910368197/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=295152841910368197&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/295152841910368197'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/295152841910368197'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/11/enam-6-langkah-mengamankan-jaringan.html' title='Enam (6) Langkah Mengamankan Jaringan &amp; Sistem Komputer Dari Serangan Hacker'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6254405659290751030.post-417365429100635501</id><published>2007-11-21T01:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-21T01:58:48.184-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Mengenal Jaringan Remote Access</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"&gt;Koneksi वां &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;infokomputer.com&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Perusahaan telekomunikasi, seperti TELKOM, biasanya menawarkan beberapa jenis layanan WAN, seperti T1, E1, Analog POTS/PSTN, Frame Relay, dan lain-lain. Jenis layanan tersebut dapat dikategorikan menjadi 3, yaitu:&lt;br /&gt;- Dedicated atau dikenal pula dengan Leased Line&lt;br /&gt;- Circuit-switched&lt;br /&gt;- Packet-switched&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Penggunaan jenis layanan yang diberikan oleh provider jaringan biasanya dikenakan biaya. Besarnya biaya tergantung dari jenis layanan yang digunakan. Misalnya seseorang menggunakan layanan analog POTS (saluran telepon biasa), maka biaya yang harus dibayarkan kepada provider jaringan sebesar pulsa telepon yang digunakan. Gambar 1 menunjukkan skema layanan koneksi WAN.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dedicated&lt;br /&gt;Jenis layanan ini biasanya menggunakan biaya tetap. Maksudnya, digunakan maupun tidak biaya yang dibayar kepada provider jaringan setiap bulannya sama. Besarnya biaya tergantung bandwidth yang disewa dan jarak. Dedicated atau Leased Line menggunakan koneksi point-to-point yang menghubungkan satu area lokasi dengan lokasi lainnya. Gambar 2 merupakan contoh desain jaringan antara kantor pusat dan kantor cabang menggunakan koneksi dedicated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Synchronous serial adalah sinyal digital yang ditransmisikan dengan clock tertentu secara serial. Sinyal tersebut dikirim menggunakan frekuensi yang sama sehingga data dapat dikirim tanpa diselingi bit lain. Bandingkan dengan transmisi asynchronous yang selalu menggunakan control bit, yaitu start dan stop bit untuk menentukan bit awal dan akhir dari komunikasi. Penggunaan control bit tentu sedikit membebani bandwidth dan mengurangi kinerja jaringan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Koneksi dedicated dibuat pada port serial synchronous router. Beberapa standar serial synchronous yang didukung oleh router Cisco adalah:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- EIA/TIA-232. merupakan salah satu standar yang banyak digunakan. Pada referensi OSI model, EIA/TIA-232 merupakan standar physical layer yang dikembangkan oleh EIA (Electronic Industries Association) dan TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) dikenal pula sebagai RS-232.&lt;br /&gt;- EIA/TIA-449. Seperti EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449 juga dikembangkan oleh EIA dan TIA. Pada dasarnya EIA/TIA-449 merupakan pengembangan dari EIA/TIA-232, dirancang untuk memiliki bandwidth sampai 2Mbps.&lt;br /&gt;- V.35. Dikembangkan oleh ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector) untuk sinyal synchronous. ITU-T merupakan organisasi internasional yang bertugas mengembangkan standar komunikasi. V.35 umumnya digunakan di AS dan Eropa.&lt;br /&gt;- X.21, merupakan standar yang ditetapkan oleh ITU-T untuk komunikasi serial melalui digital synchronous line. Protokol X.21 diutamakan untuk digunakan di Eropa dan Jepang.&lt;br /&gt;- EIA-530&lt;br /&gt;- HSSI. High-Speed Serial Interface merupakan antarmuka (interface) yang dikembangkan oleh Cisco system dan T3plus Networking. HSSI digunakan untuk komunikasi yang memerlukan kecepatan tinggi pada WAN. Spesifikasi HSSI memungkinkan organisasi lain untuk mengimplementasikannya. HSSI mendefinisikan antarmuka elektronik DTE/DCE maupun antamuka fisiknya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Packet-switched&lt;br /&gt;Packet-switched merupakan metode WAN switching di mana perangkat jaringan berbagi satu link point-to-point untuk meneruskan paket dari dari pengirim kepada penerima melalui jaringan (carrier network). ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), Frame Relay, SMDS (Switched Multimegabit Data Service), dan X.25 merupakan contoh dari teknologi WAN packet-switched. Gambar 4 menggambarkan jaringan packet-switched.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Packet-switched menggunakan tehnik multiplexing untuk mengontrol akses jaringan dan membentuk PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Frame Relay. Frame Relay merupakan protokol WAN yang memiliki performa tinggi. Beroperasi pada physical layer dan data link layer OSI referensi model, Frame Relay merupakan komunikasi data packet-switched yang dapat menghubungkan beberapa perangkat jaringan dengan multipoint WAN.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Frame Relay merupakan standar yang dikeluarkan oleh CCITT (Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone) dan ANSI (American National Standards Institute) untuk proses pengiriman data melalui PDN (Public Data Network). Pengiriman informasi dilakukan dengan membagi data menjadi paket. Setiap paket dikirimkan melalui rangkaian WAN switch sebelum akhirnya sampai kepada tujuan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- X.25. Merupakan salah satu standar komunikasi WAN yang mendefinisikan bagaimana koneksi antara perangkat user dengan perangkat jaringan dibangun dan dipelihara. X.25 dirancang untuk bekerja secara efektif tanpa tergantung kepada jenis sistem yang terhubungan jaringan. Biasanya menggunakan jaringan umum PSN (Packet Switch Network) seperti jaringan milik perusahaan telepon. Pelanggan dikenakan biaya berdasarkan penggunaannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X.25 dikembangkan pada awal tahun 1970-an, didasari atas kebutuhan terhadap protokol WAN yang mampu bekerja pada Public Data Network. Kemudian protokol ini diakui menjadi standar internasional oleh ITU-T.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Circuit-Switched&lt;br /&gt;Circuit-switched merupakan koneksi yang menggunakan metode WAN switching di mana physical circuit dibangun, dipelihara, dan diputuskan setiap melakukan sesi komunikasi. Pada jaringan perusahaan telepon, circuit-switched beroperasi layaknya operasi telepon biasa. Koneksi yang dibangun dari satu lokasi kepada lokasi lain biasanya menggunakan bandwidth yang sempit. Pada saat ini, koneksi yang biasa digunakan hanya mampu memperoleh bandwidth maksimum 56Kbps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh koneksi circuit-switched yang sering ditemui dan digunakan adalah koneksi kepada ISP (Internet Service Provider) menggunakan modem analog. Meskipun modem yang digunakan mampu mencapai bandwidth 56 Kbps, biasanya koneksi dari rumah selalu di bawah bandwidth yang ditawarkan tersebut. Jangan dulu menyalahkan pihak vendor modem tersebut, karena besarnya bandwidth yang diperoleh lebih dipengaruhi oleh jaringan telepon yang digunakan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Salah satu keuntungan menggunakan jaringan circuit-switched adalah biaya penggunaannya yang relatif murah dan dapat dikontrol. Teknologi ini biasanya digunakan oleh:&lt;br /&gt;- &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Mobile&lt;/st1:place&gt; user&lt;br /&gt;- Telecommuter&lt;br /&gt;- Perusahaan atau instansi sebagai koneksi cadangan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Secara umum, ada dua jenis jaringan circuit-switched yang biasa digunakan, yaitu:&lt;br /&gt;- Analog menggunakan POTS (Plain old telephone service), juga disebut PSTN&lt;br /&gt;- Digital menggunakan ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ilmu%20komputer.com"&gt;selengkapnya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6254405659290751030-417365429100635501?l=najwaiskandar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/feeds/417365429100635501/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6254405659290751030&amp;postID=417365429100635501&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/417365429100635501'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6254405659290751030/posts/default/417365429100635501'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://najwaiskandar.blogspot.com/2007/11/mengenal-jaringan-remote-access.html' title='Mengenal Jaringan Remote Access'/><author><name>iskandar, S.Pd, M.Pd</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14696038050078353982</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
